diff --git a/src/cffi.h b/src/cffi.h
index 0bc6e8a8..fbb13a8e 100644
--- a/src/cffi.h
+++ b/src/cffi.h
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ struct Pointer{
     }
 
     template<typename T>
-    inline T& ref() noexcept { return *reinterpret_cast<T*>(ptr); }
+    T& ref() noexcept { return *reinterpret_cast<T*>(ptr); }
 
     PyObject* get(VM* vm){
         if(level > 1) return VAR_T(Pointer, ctype, level-1, ref<char*>());
diff --git a/src/common.h b/src/common.h
index 1cce45e6..9b2cf7aa 100644
--- a/src/common.h
+++ b/src/common.h
@@ -62,10 +62,10 @@ struct Type {
 	int index;
 	Type(): index(-1) {}
 	Type(int index): index(index) {}
-	inline bool operator==(Type other) const noexcept {
+	bool operator==(Type other) const noexcept {
 		return this->index == other.index;
 	}
-	inline bool operator!=(Type other) const noexcept {
+	bool operator!=(Type other) const noexcept {
 		return this->index != other.index;
 	}
 };
diff --git a/src/compiler.h b/src/compiler.h
index 320e0aee..764863cb 100644
--- a/src/compiler.h
+++ b/src/compiler.h
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ private:
         parser->set_next_token(TK("@eof"));
     }
 
-    inline TokenIndex peek() {
+    TokenIndex peek() {
         return parser->curr.type;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/frame.h b/src/frame.h
index b4a0d18d..f2b1a2b0 100644
--- a/src/frame.h
+++ b/src/frame.h
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ struct Frame {
     const uint64_t id;
     std::vector<std::pair<int, std::vector<PyObject*>>> s_try_block;
 
-    inline NameDict& f_locals() noexcept { return _locals != nullptr ? *_locals : _module->attr(); }
-    inline NameDict& f_globals() noexcept { return _module->attr(); }
+    NameDict& f_locals() noexcept { return _locals != nullptr ? *_locals : _module->attr(); }
+    NameDict& f_globals() noexcept { return _module->attr(); }
 
-    inline PyObject** f_closure_try_get(StrName name) noexcept {
+    PyObject** f_closure_try_get(StrName name) noexcept {
         if(_closure == nullptr) return nullptr;
         return _closure->try_get(name);
     }
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ struct Frame {
         const NameDict_& _closure=nullptr)
             : co(co.get()), _module(_module), _locals(_locals), _closure(_closure), id(kFrameGlobalId++) { }
 
-    inline const Bytecode& next_bytecode() {
+    const Bytecode& next_bytecode() {
         _ip = _next_ip++;
         return co->codes[_ip];
     }
@@ -53,11 +53,11 @@ struct Frame {
     //     return ss.str();
     // }
 
-    inline bool has_next_bytecode() const {
+    bool has_next_bytecode() const {
         return _next_ip < co->codes.size();
     }
 
-    inline PyObject* pop(){
+    PyObject* pop(){
 #if PK_EXTRA_CHECK
         if(_data.empty()) throw std::runtime_error("_data.empty() is true");
 #endif
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ struct Frame {
         return v;
     }
 
-    inline void _pop(){
+    void _pop(){
 #if PK_EXTRA_CHECK
         if(_data.empty()) throw std::runtime_error("_data.empty() is true");
 #endif
@@ -75,26 +75,26 @@ struct Frame {
 
     void try_deref(VM*, PyObject*&);
 
-    inline PyObject* pop_value(VM* vm){
+    PyObject* pop_value(VM* vm){
         PyObject* value = pop();
         try_deref(vm, value);
         return value;
     }
 
-    inline PyObject* top_value(VM* vm){
+    PyObject* top_value(VM* vm){
         PyObject* value = top();
         try_deref(vm, value);
         return value;
     }
 
-    inline PyObject*& top(){
+    PyObject*& top(){
 #if PK_EXTRA_CHECK
         if(_data.empty()) throw std::runtime_error("_data.empty() is true");
 #endif
         return _data.back();
     }
 
-    inline PyObject*& top_1(){
+    PyObject*& top_1(){
 #if PK_EXTRA_CHECK
         if(_data.size() < 2) throw std::runtime_error("_data.size() < 2");
 #endif
@@ -102,16 +102,16 @@ struct Frame {
     }
 
     template<typename T>
-    inline void push(T&& obj){ _data.push_back(std::forward<T>(obj)); }
+    void push(T&& obj){ _data.push_back(std::forward<T>(obj)); }
 
-    inline void jump_abs(int i){ _next_ip = i; }
-    inline void jump_rel(int i){ _next_ip += i; }
+    void jump_abs(int i){ _next_ip = i; }
+    void jump_rel(int i){ _next_ip += i; }
 
-    inline void on_try_block_enter(){
+    void on_try_block_enter(){
         s_try_block.emplace_back(co->codes[_ip].block, _data);
     }
 
-    inline void on_try_block_exit(){
+    void on_try_block_exit(){
         s_try_block.pop_back();
     }
 
diff --git a/src/iter.h b/src/iter.h
index 71cd9a70..42dd0c08 100644
--- a/src/iter.h
+++ b/src/iter.h
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ public:
         this->current = r.start;
     }
 
-    inline bool _has_next(){
+    bool _has_next(){
         return r.step > 0 ? current < r.stop : current > r.stop;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/namedict.h b/src/namedict.h
index 2534a90d..130b60f6 100644
--- a/src/namedict.h
+++ b/src/namedict.h
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ struct DictArrayPool {
 const std::vector<uint16_t> kHashSeeds = {9629, 43049, 13267, 59509, 39251, 1249, 35803, 54469, 27689, 9719, 34897, 18973, 30661, 19913, 27919, 32143, 3467, 28019, 1051, 39419, 1361, 28547, 48197, 2609, 24317, 22861, 41467, 17623, 52837, 59053, 33589, 32117};
 static DictArrayPool<32> _dict_pool;
 
-inline uint16_t find_next_capacity(uint16_t n){
+inline static uint16_t find_next_capacity(uint16_t n){
     uint16_t x = 2;
     while(x < n) x <<= 1;
     return x;
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ inline uint16_t find_next_capacity(uint16_t n){
 
 #define _hash(key, mask, hash_seed) ( ( (key).index * (hash_seed) >> 8 ) & (mask) )
 
-inline uint16_t find_perfect_hash_seed(uint16_t capacity, const std::vector<StrName>& keys){
+inline static uint16_t find_perfect_hash_seed(uint16_t capacity, const std::vector<StrName>& keys){
     if(keys.empty()) return kHashSeeds[0];
     std::set<uint16_t> indices;
     std::pair<uint16_t, float> best_score = {kHashSeeds[0], 0.0f};
@@ -73,11 +73,11 @@ struct NameDict {
     uint16_t _mask;
     StrName* _keys;
 
-    inline PyObject*& value(uint16_t i){
+    PyObject*& value(uint16_t i){
         return reinterpret_cast<PyObject**>(_keys + _capacity)[i];
     }
 
-    inline PyObject* value(uint16_t i) const {
+    PyObject* value(uint16_t i) const {
         return reinterpret_cast<PyObject**>(_keys + _capacity)[i];
     }
 
@@ -175,14 +175,14 @@ while(!_keys[i].empty()) { \
         _rehash(false); // do not resize
     }
 
-    inline PyObject** try_get(StrName key){
+    PyObject** try_get(StrName key){
         bool ok; uint16_t i;
         HASH_PROBE(key, ok, i);
         if(!ok) return nullptr;
         return &value(i);
     }
 
-    inline bool try_set(StrName key, PyObject* val){
+    bool try_set(StrName key, PyObject* val){
         bool ok; uint16_t i;
         HASH_PROBE(key, ok, i);
         if(!ok) return false;
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ while(!_keys[i].empty()) { \
         return true;
     }
 
-    inline bool contains(StrName key) const {
+    bool contains(StrName key) const {
         bool ok; uint16_t i;
         HASH_PROBE(key, ok, i);
         return ok;
diff --git a/src/obj.h b/src/obj.h
index 9b094403..8abcea95 100644
--- a/src/obj.h
+++ b/src/obj.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ struct NativeFunc {
     bool method;
     
     NativeFunc(NativeFuncRaw f, int argc, bool method) : f(f), argc(argc), method(method) {}
-    inline PyObject* operator()(VM* vm, Args& args) const;
+    PyObject* operator()(VM* vm, Args& args) const;
 };
 
 struct Function {
@@ -98,9 +98,9 @@ struct PyObject {
     Type type;
     NameDict* _attr;
 
-    inline bool is_attr_valid() const noexcept { return _attr != nullptr; }
-    inline NameDict& attr() noexcept { return *_attr; }
-    inline PyObject* attr(StrName name) const noexcept { return (*_attr)[name]; }
+    bool is_attr_valid() const noexcept { return _attr != nullptr; }
+    NameDict& attr() noexcept { return *_attr; }
+    PyObject* attr(StrName name) const noexcept { return (*_attr)[name]; }
     virtual void* value() = 0;
 
     virtual void mark() {
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ struct Py_ : PyObject {
     Py_(Type type, const T& val): PyObject(type), _value(val) { _init(); }
     Py_(Type type, T&& val): PyObject(type), _value(std::move(val)) { _init(); }
 
-    inline void _init() noexcept {
+    void _init() noexcept {
         if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, Type> || std::is_same_v<T, DummyModule>) {
             _attr = new NameDict(8, kTypeAttrLoadFactor);
         }else if constexpr(std::is_same_v<T, DummyInstance>){
diff --git a/src/parser.h b/src/parser.h
index 63b450ff..da36b888 100644
--- a/src/parser.h
+++ b/src/parser.h
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ struct Parser {
         return t;
     }
 
-    inline char peekchar() const{ return *curr_char; }
+    char peekchar() const{ return *curr_char; }
 
     bool match_n_chars(int n, char c0){
         const char* c = curr_char;
diff --git a/src/ref.h b/src/ref.h
index f08c4956..dbbf9f0d 100644
--- a/src/ref.h
+++ b/src/ref.h
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ struct BaseRef {
 
 struct NameRef : BaseRef {
     const std::pair<StrName, NameScope> pair;
-    inline StrName name() const { return pair.first; }
-    inline NameScope scope() const { return pair.second; }
+    StrName name() const { return pair.first; }
+    NameScope scope() const { return pair.second; }
     NameRef(const std::pair<StrName, NameScope>& pair) : pair(pair) {}
 
     PyObject* get(VM* vm, Frame* frame) const{
diff --git a/src/tuplelist.h b/src/tuplelist.h
index c9eca86e..76732ed9 100644
--- a/src/tuplelist.h
+++ b/src/tuplelist.h
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ namespace pkpy {
         PyObject** _args;
         int _size;
 
-        inline void _alloc(int n){
+        void _alloc(int n){
             this->_args = _pool.alloc(n);
             this->_size = n;
         }
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ namespace pkpy {
             return *this;
         }
 
-        inline int size() const { return _size; }
+        int size() const { return _size; }
 
         List move_to_list() noexcept {
             List ret(_size);
diff --git a/src/vm.h b/src/vm.h
index df534c8a..0e8f1b86 100644
--- a/src/vm.h
+++ b/src/vm.h
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ public:
         return asRepr(obj);
     }
 
-    inline Frame* top_frame() const {
+    Frame* top_frame() const {
 #if PK_EXTRA_CHECK
         if(callstack.empty()) UNREACHABLE();
 #endif
@@ -147,23 +147,23 @@ public:
         return obj;
     }
 
-    inline PyObject* call(PyObject* callable){
+    PyObject* call(PyObject* callable){
         return call(callable, no_arg(), no_arg(), false);
     }
 
     template<typename ArgT>
-    inline std::enable_if_t<std::is_same_v<std::decay_t<ArgT>, Args>, PyObject*>
+    std::enable_if_t<std::is_same_v<std::decay_t<ArgT>, Args>, PyObject*>
     call(PyObject* _callable, ArgT&& args){
         return call(_callable, std::forward<ArgT>(args), no_arg(), false);
     }
 
     template<typename ArgT>
-    inline std::enable_if_t<std::is_same_v<std::decay_t<ArgT>, Args>, PyObject*>
+    std::enable_if_t<std::is_same_v<std::decay_t<ArgT>, Args>, PyObject*>
     call(PyObject* obj, const StrName name, ArgT&& args){
         return call(getattr(obj, name, true, true), std::forward<ArgT>(args), no_arg(), false);
     }
 
-    inline PyObject* call(PyObject* obj, StrName name){
+    PyObject* call(PyObject* obj, StrName name){
         return call(getattr(obj, name, true, true), no_arg(), no_arg(), false);
     }
 
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     template<typename ...Args>
-    inline std::unique_ptr<Frame> _new_frame(Args&&... args){
+    std::unique_ptr<Frame> _new_frame(Args&&... args){
         if(callstack.size() > recursionlimit){
             _error("RecursionError", "maximum recursion depth exceeded");
         }
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     template<typename ...Args>
-    inline PyObject* _exec(Args&&... args){
+    PyObject* _exec(Args&&... args){
         callstack.push(_new_frame(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
         return _exec();
     }
@@ -272,12 +272,12 @@ public:
     Type tp_super, tp_exception, tp_star_wrapper;
 
     template<typename P>
-    inline PyObject* PyIter(P&& value) {
+    PyObject* PyIter(P&& value) {
         static_assert(std::is_base_of_v<BaseIter, std::decay_t<P>>);
         return gcnew<P>(tp_iterator, std::forward<P>(value));
     }
 
-    inline BaseIter* PyIter_AS_C(PyObject* obj)
+    BaseIter* PyIter_AS_C(PyObject* obj)
     {
         check_type(obj, tp_iterator);
         return static_cast<BaseIter*>(obj->value());
@@ -309,16 +309,16 @@ public:
 
     void AttributeError(Str msg){ _error("AttributeError", msg); }
 
-    inline void check_type(PyObject* obj, Type type){
+    void check_type(PyObject* obj, Type type){
         if(is_type(obj, type)) return;
         TypeError("expected " + OBJ_NAME(_t(type)).escape(true) + ", but got " + OBJ_NAME(_t(obj)).escape(true));
     }
 
-    inline PyObject* _t(Type t){
+    PyObject* _t(Type t){
         return _all_types[t.index].obj;
     }
 
-    inline PyObject* _t(PyObject* obj){
+    PyObject* _t(PyObject* obj){
         if(is_int(obj)) return _t(tp_int);
         if(is_float(obj)) return _t(tp_float);
         return _all_types[OBJ_GET(Type, _t(obj->type)).index].obj;
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ public:
     const BaseRef* PyRef_AS_C(PyObject* obj);
 };
 
-PyObject* NativeFunc::operator()(VM* vm, Args& args) const{
+inline PyObject* NativeFunc::operator()(VM* vm, Args& args) const{
     int args_size = args.size() - (int)method;  // remove self
     if(argc != -1 && args_size != argc) {
         vm->TypeError("expected " + std::to_string(argc) + " arguments, but got " + std::to_string(args_size));