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Update heapq.py
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@ -1,8 +1,4 @@
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# Heap queue algorithm (a.k.a. priority queue)
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__all__ = ['heappush', 'heappop', 'heapify', 'heapreplace', 'merge',
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'nlargest', 'nsmallest', 'heappushpop']
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def heappush(heap, item):
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"""Push item onto heap, maintaining the heap invariant."""
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heap.append(item)
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@ -69,45 +65,6 @@ def _siftdown(heap, startpos, pos):
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break
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heap[pos] = newitem
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# The child indices of heap index pos are already heaps, and we want to make
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# a heap at index pos too. We do this by bubbling the smaller child of
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# pos up (and so on with that child's children, etc) until hitting a leaf,
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# then using _siftdown to move the oddball originally at index pos into place.
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#
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# We *could* break out of the loop as soon as we find a pos where newitem <=
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# both its children, but turns out that's not a good idea, and despite that
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# many books write the algorithm that way. During a heap pop, the last array
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# element is sifted in, and that tends to be large, so that comparing it
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# against values starting from the root usually doesn't pay (= usually doesn't
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# get us out of the loop early). See Knuth, Volume 3, where this is
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# explained and quantified in an exercise.
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#
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# Cutting the # of comparisons is important, since these routines have no
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# way to extract "the priority" from an array element, so that intelligence
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# is likely to be hiding in custom comparison methods, or in array elements
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# storing (priority, record) tuples. Comparisons are thus potentially
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# expensive.
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#
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# On random arrays of length 1000, making this change cut the number of
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# comparisons made by heapify() a little, and those made by exhaustive
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# heappop() a lot, in accord with theory. Here are typical results from 3
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# runs (3 just to demonstrate how small the variance is):
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#
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# Compares needed by heapify Compares needed by 1000 heappops
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# -------------------------- --------------------------------
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# 1837 cut to 1663 14996 cut to 8680
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# 1855 cut to 1659 14966 cut to 8678
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# 1847 cut to 1660 15024 cut to 8703
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#
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# Building the heap by using heappush() 1000 times instead required
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# 2198, 2148, and 2219 compares: heapify() is more efficient, when
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# you can use it.
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#
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# The total compares needed by list.sort() on the same lists were 8627,
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# 8627, and 8632 (this should be compared to the sum of heapify() and
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# heappop() compares): list.sort() is (unsurprisingly!) more efficient
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# for sorting.
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def _siftup(heap, pos):
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endpos = len(heap)
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startpos = pos
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