diff --git a/include/pocketpy/error.h b/include/pocketpy/error.h
index 076b6cbd..2c3bfabd 100644
--- a/include/pocketpy/error.h
+++ b/include/pocketpy/error.h
@@ -89,9 +89,10 @@ struct Exception {
 };
 
 struct TopLevelException: std::exception{
+    VM* vm;
     Exception* ptr;
-    TopLevelException(Exception* ptr): ptr(ptr) {}
-    
+    TopLevelException(VM* vm, Exception* ptr): vm(vm), ptr(ptr) {}
+
     Str summary() const { return ptr->summary(); }
 
     const char* what() const noexcept override {
diff --git a/src/ceval.cpp b/src/ceval.cpp
index 60fd5d84..f820e5e3 100644
--- a/src/ceval.cpp
+++ b/src/ceval.cpp
@@ -1057,7 +1057,7 @@ __NEXT_STEP:
                 __pop_frame();
                 if(callstack.empty()){
                     // propagate to the top level
-                    throw TopLevelException(&_e);
+                    throw TopLevelException(this, &_e);
                 }
                 frame = &callstack.top();
                 PUSH(__last_exception);
diff --git a/src/compiler.cpp b/src/compiler.cpp
index 0aa22247..ac93d8b0 100644
--- a/src/compiler.cpp
+++ b/src/compiler.cpp
@@ -1379,7 +1379,7 @@ __EAT_DOTS_END:
         vm->__last_exception = vm->call(vm->builtins->attr(type), VAR(msg)).get();
         Exception& e = vm->__last_exception->as<Exception>();
         e.st_push(src, lineno, cursor, "");
-        throw TopLevelException(&e);
+        throw TopLevelException(vm, &e);
     }
 
     std::string_view TokenDeserializer::read_string(char c){
diff --git a/src/vm.cpp b/src/vm.cpp
index 78ab4595..90002289 100644
--- a/src/vm.cpp
+++ b/src/vm.cpp
@@ -1442,7 +1442,7 @@ void VM::_error(PyVar e_obj){
     if(callstack.empty()){
         e.is_re = false;
         __last_exception = e_obj.get();
-        throw TopLevelException(&e);
+        throw TopLevelException(this, &e);
     }
     PUSH(e_obj);
     __raise_exc();