diff --git a/src/ceval.h b/src/ceval.h
index 78841579..d7b5cf4f 100644
--- a/src/ceval.h
+++ b/src/ceval.h
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ PyVar VM::run_frame(Frame* frame){
             const PyVar obj = frame->co->consts[byte.arg];
             Function f = py_cast_v<Function>(this, obj);  // copy
             f._module = frame->_module;
-            frame->push(py_object(this, f));
+            frame->push(py_var(this, f));
         } continue;
         case OP_SETUP_CLOSURE: {
             Function& f = py_cast<Function>(this, frame->top());    // reference
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ PyVar VM::run_frame(Frame* frame){
             continue;
         case OP_BUILD_TUPLE: {
             Args items = frame->pop_n_values_reversed(this, byte.arg);
-            frame->push(py_object(this, std::move(items)));
+            frame->push(py_var(this, std::move(items)));
         } continue;
         case OP_BUILD_TUPLE_REF: {
             Args items = frame->pop_n_reversed(byte.arg);
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ PyVar VM::run_frame(Frame* frame){
             Args items = frame->pop_n_values_reversed(this, byte.arg);
             StrStream ss;
             for(int i=0; i<items.size(); i++) ss << py_cast<Str>(this, asStr(items[i]));
-            frame->push(py_object(this, ss.str()));
+            frame->push(py_var(this, ss.str()));
         } continue;
         case OP_LOAD_EVAL_FN: frame->push(builtins->attr(m_eval)); continue;
         case OP_LIST_APPEND: {
@@ -150,13 +150,13 @@ PyVar VM::run_frame(Frame* frame){
             PyVar rhs = frame->pop_value(this);
             bool ret_c = rhs == frame->top_value(this);
             if(byte.arg == 1) ret_c = !ret_c;
-            frame->top() = py_object(this, ret_c);
+            frame->top() = py_var(this, ret_c);
         } continue;
         case OP_CONTAINS_OP: {
             PyVar rhs = frame->pop_value(this);
             bool ret_c = py_cast_v<bool>(this, call(rhs, __contains__, one_arg(frame->pop_value(this))));
             if(byte.arg == 1) ret_c = !ret_c;
-            frame->push(py_object(this, ret_c));
+            frame->push(py_var(this, ret_c));
         } continue;
         case OP_UNARY_NEGATIVE:
             frame->top() = num_negated(frame->top_value(this));
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ PyVar VM::run_frame(Frame* frame){
         case OP_UNARY_NOT: {
             PyVar obj = frame->pop_value(this);
             const PyVar& obj_bool = asBool(obj);
-            frame->push(py_object(this, !_py_cast_v<bool>(this, obj_bool)));
+            frame->push(py_var(this, !_py_cast_v<bool>(this, obj_bool)));
         } continue;
         case OP_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE:
             if(!_py_cast_v<bool>(this, asBool(frame->pop_value(this)))) frame->jump_abs(byte.arg);
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ PyVar VM::run_frame(Frame* frame){
         case OP_EXCEPTION_MATCH: {
             const auto& e = py_cast<Exception>(this, frame->top());
             StrName name = frame->co->names[byte.arg].first;
-            frame->push(py_object(this, e.match_type(name)));
+            frame->push(py_var(this, e.match_type(name)));
         } continue;
         case OP_RAISE: {
             PyVar obj = frame->pop_value(this);
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ PyVar VM::run_frame(Frame* frame){
         } continue;
         case OP_RE_RAISE: _raise(); continue;
         case OP_BUILD_LIST:
-            frame->push(py_object(this, frame->pop_n_values_reversed(this, byte.arg).move_to_list()));
+            frame->push(py_var(this, frame->pop_n_values_reversed(this, byte.arg).move_to_list()));
             continue;
         case OP_BUILD_MAP: {
             Args items = frame->pop_n_values_reversed(this, byte.arg*2);
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ PyVar VM::run_frame(Frame* frame){
             frame->push(obj);
         } continue;
         case OP_BUILD_SET: {
-            PyVar list = py_object(this, 
+            PyVar list = py_var(this, 
                 frame->pop_n_values_reversed(this, byte.arg).move_to_list()
             );
             PyVar obj = call(builtins->attr("set"), one_arg(list));
@@ -212,10 +212,10 @@ PyVar VM::run_frame(Frame* frame){
         case OP_DUP_TOP_VALUE: frame->push(frame->top_value(this)); continue;
         case OP_UNARY_STAR: {
             if(byte.arg > 0){   // rvalue
-                frame->top() = py_object(this, StarWrapper(frame->top_value(this), true));
+                frame->top() = py_var(this, StarWrapper(frame->top_value(this), true));
             }else{
                 PyRef_AS_C(frame->top()); // check ref
-                frame->top() = py_object(this, StarWrapper(frame->top(), false));
+                frame->top() = py_var(this, StarWrapper(frame->top(), false));
             }
         } continue;
         case OP_CALL_KWARGS_UNPACK: case OP_CALL_KWARGS: {
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ PyVar VM::run_frame(Frame* frame){
             Slice s;
             if(start != None) { s.start = (int)py_cast_v<i64>(this, start);}
             if(stop != None) { s.stop = (int)py_cast_v<i64>(this, stop);}
-            frame->push(py_object(this, s));
+            frame->push(py_var(this, s));
         } continue;
         case OP_IMPORT_NAME: {
             StrName name = frame->co->names[byte.arg].first;
diff --git a/src/cffi.h b/src/cffi.h
index 7ba80a20..7aa84280 100644
--- a/src/cffi.h
+++ b/src/cffi.h
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ struct CType{
             CType& self = vm->_cast<CType>(args[0]);
             StrStream ss;
             ss << "<c._type '" << self.name << "' (" << self.size*8 << " bits)>";
-            return py_object(vm, ss.str());
+            return py_var(vm, ss.str());
         });
     }
 };
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ struct Pointer{
             Pointer& self = vm->_cast<Pointer>(args[0]);
             StrStream ss;
             ss << "<" << self.ctype.name << "* at " << (i64)self.ptr << ">";
-            return py_object(vm, ss.str());
+            return py_var(vm, ss.str());
         });
 
         vm->bind_method<1>(type, "__add__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
@@ -89,13 +89,13 @@ struct Pointer{
         vm->bind_method<1>(type, "__eq__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
             Pointer& self = vm->_cast<Pointer>(args[0]);
             Pointer& other = vm->_cast<Pointer>(args[1]);
-            return py_object(vm, self.ptr == other.ptr);
+            return py_var(vm, self.ptr == other.ptr);
         });
 
         vm->bind_method<1>(type, "__ne__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
             Pointer& self = vm->_cast<Pointer>(args[0]);
             Pointer& other = vm->_cast<Pointer>(args[1]);
-            return py_object(vm, self.ptr != other.ptr);
+            return py_var(vm, self.ptr != other.ptr);
         });
 
         // https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/ctypes.html
@@ -141,20 +141,20 @@ struct Pointer{
 
     PyVar get(VM* vm){
         switch(ctype.index){
-            case C_TYPE("char_"): return py_object(vm, ref<char>());
-            case C_TYPE("int_"): return py_object(vm, ref<int>());
-            case C_TYPE("float_"): return py_object(vm, ref<float>());
-            case C_TYPE("double_"): return py_object(vm, ref<double>());
-            case C_TYPE("bool_"): return py_object(vm, ref<bool>());
+            case C_TYPE("char_"): return py_var(vm, ref<char>());
+            case C_TYPE("int_"): return py_var(vm, ref<int>());
+            case C_TYPE("float_"): return py_var(vm, ref<float>());
+            case C_TYPE("double_"): return py_var(vm, ref<double>());
+            case C_TYPE("bool_"): return py_var(vm, ref<bool>());
             case C_TYPE("void_"): vm->ValueError("cannot get void*"); break;
-            case C_TYPE("int8_"): return py_object(vm, ref<int8_t>());
-            case C_TYPE("int16_"): return py_object(vm, ref<int16_t>());
-            case C_TYPE("int32_"): return py_object(vm, ref<int32_t>());
-            case C_TYPE("int64_"): return py_object(vm, ref<int64_t>());
-            case C_TYPE("uint8_"): return py_object(vm, ref<uint8_t>());
-            case C_TYPE("uint16_"): return py_object(vm, ref<uint16_t>());
-            case C_TYPE("uint32_"): return py_object(vm, ref<uint32_t>());
-            case C_TYPE("uint64_"): return py_object(vm, ref<uint64_t>());
+            case C_TYPE("int8_"): return py_var(vm, ref<int8_t>());
+            case C_TYPE("int16_"): return py_var(vm, ref<int16_t>());
+            case C_TYPE("int32_"): return py_var(vm, ref<int32_t>());
+            case C_TYPE("int64_"): return py_var(vm, ref<int64_t>());
+            case C_TYPE("uint8_"): return py_var(vm, ref<uint8_t>());
+            case C_TYPE("uint16_"): return py_var(vm, ref<uint16_t>());
+            case C_TYPE("uint32_"): return py_var(vm, ref<uint32_t>());
+            case C_TYPE("uint64_"): return py_var(vm, ref<uint64_t>());
             case C_TYPE("void_p_"): return vm->new_object<Pointer>(ref<void*>(), C_TYPE_T("void_"));
             // use macro here to do extension
             default: UNREACHABLE();
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ struct Struct {
             Struct& self = vm->_cast<Struct>(args[0]);
             StrStream ss;
             ss << self.info->name << "(" << ")";
-            return py_object(vm, ss.str());
+            return py_var(vm, ss.str());
         });
     }
 };
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ void add_module_c(VM* vm){
 
     vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "sizeof", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         CType& ctype = vm->_cast<CType>(args[0]);
-        return py_object(vm, ctype.size);
+        return py_var(vm, ctype.size);
     });
 
     vm->bind_func<3>(mod, "memcpy", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
@@ -309,12 +309,12 @@ void add_module_c(VM* vm){
     vm->bind_func<2>(mod, "strcmp", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         Pointer& p1 = vm->_cast<Pointer>(args[0]);
         Pointer& p2 = vm->_cast<Pointer>(args[1]);
-        return py_object(vm, strcmp(p1.cast<char*>(), p2.cast<char*>()));
+        return py_var(vm, strcmp(p1.cast<char*>(), p2.cast<char*>()));
     });
 
     vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "strlen", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         Pointer& p = vm->_cast<Pointer>(args[0]);
-        return py_object(vm, strlen(p.cast<char*>()));
+        return py_var(vm, strlen(p.cast<char*>()));
     });
 }
 
diff --git a/src/compiler.h b/src/compiler.h
index b8a3de7e..f8576f4b 100644
--- a/src/compiler.h
+++ b/src/compiler.h
@@ -147,9 +147,9 @@ private:
     void eat_string(char quote, StringType type) {
         Str s = eat_string_until(quote, type == RAW_STRING);
         if(type == F_STRING){
-            parser->set_next_token(TK("@fstr"), py_object(vm, s));
+            parser->set_next_token(TK("@fstr"), py_var(vm, s));
         }else{
-            parser->set_next_token(TK("@str"), py_object(vm, s));
+            parser->set_next_token(TK("@str"), py_var(vm, s));
         }
     }
 
@@ -171,9 +171,9 @@ private:
                 if (m[1].matched) base = 16;
                 if (m[2].matched) {
                     if(base == 16) SyntaxError("hex literal should not contain a dot");
-                    parser->set_next_token(TK("@num"), py_object(vm, S_TO_FLOAT(m[0], &size)));
+                    parser->set_next_token(TK("@num"), py_var(vm, S_TO_FLOAT(m[0], &size)));
                 } else {
-                    parser->set_next_token(TK("@num"), py_object(vm, S_TO_INT(m[0], &size, base)));
+                    parser->set_next_token(TK("@num"), py_var(vm, S_TO_INT(m[0], &size, base)));
                 }
                 if (size != m.length()) UNREACHABLE();
             }
@@ -369,18 +369,18 @@ private:
             std::smatch m = *it;
             if (i < m.position()) {
                 std::string literal = s.substr(i, m.position() - i);
-                emit(OP_LOAD_CONST, co()->add_const(py_object(vm, literal)));
+                emit(OP_LOAD_CONST, co()->add_const(py_var(vm, literal)));
                 size++;
             }
             emit(OP_LOAD_EVAL_FN);
-            emit(OP_LOAD_CONST, co()->add_const(py_object(vm, m[1].str())));
+            emit(OP_LOAD_CONST, co()->add_const(py_var(vm, m[1].str())));
             emit(OP_CALL, 1);
             size++;
             i = (int)(m.position() + m.length());
         }
         if (i < s.size()) {
             std::string literal = s.substr(i, s.size() - i);
-            emit(OP_LOAD_CONST, co()->add_const(py_object(vm, literal)));
+            emit(OP_LOAD_CONST, co()->add_const(py_var(vm, literal)));
             size++;
         }
         emit(OP_BUILD_STRING, size);
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ private:
         emit(OP_RETURN_VALUE);
         func.code->optimize(vm);
         this->codes.pop();
-        emit(OP_LOAD_FUNCTION, co()->add_const(py_object(vm, func)));
+        emit(OP_LOAD_FUNCTION, co()->add_const(py_var(vm, func)));
         if(name_scope() == NAME_LOCAL) emit(OP_SETUP_CLOSURE);
     }
 
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ __LISTCOMP:
             if(peek() == TK("@id") && peek_next() == TK("=")) {
                 consume(TK("@id"));
                 const Str& key = parser->prev.str();
-                emit(OP_LOAD_CONST, co()->add_const(py_object(vm, key)));
+                emit(OP_LOAD_CONST, co()->add_const(py_var(vm, key)));
                 consume(TK("="));
                 co()->_rvalue += 1; EXPR(); co()->_rvalue -= 1;
                 KWARGC++;
@@ -929,7 +929,7 @@ __LISTCOMP:
             co()->_rvalue += 1;
             EXPR();
             if (match(TK(","))) EXPR();
-            else emit(OP_LOAD_CONST, co()->add_const(py_object(vm, "")));
+            else emit(OP_LOAD_CONST, co()->add_const(py_var(vm, "")));
             co()->_rvalue -= 1;
             emit(OP_ASSERT);
             consume_end_stmt();
@@ -1073,7 +1073,7 @@ __LISTCOMP:
         compile_block_body();
         func.code->optimize(vm);
         this->codes.pop();
-        emit(OP_LOAD_FUNCTION, co()->add_const(py_object(vm, func)));
+        emit(OP_LOAD_FUNCTION, co()->add_const(py_var(vm, func)));
         if(name_scope() == NAME_LOCAL) emit(OP_SETUP_CLOSURE);
         if(!co()->_is_compiling_class){
             if(obj_name.empty()){
@@ -1101,8 +1101,8 @@ __LISTCOMP:
         }
         if(match(TK("@num"))) return parser->prev.value;
         if(match(TK("@str"))) return parser->prev.value;
-        if(match(TK("True"))) return py_object(vm, true);
-        if(match(TK("False"))) return py_object(vm, false);
+        if(match(TK("True"))) return py_var(vm, true);
+        if(match(TK("False"))) return py_var(vm, false);
         if(match(TK("None"))) return vm->None;
         if(match(TK("..."))) return vm->Ellipsis;
         return nullptr;
diff --git a/src/iter.h b/src/iter.h
index 547c522f..23ed2caa 100644
--- a/src/iter.h
+++ b/src/iter.h
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ public:
     PyVar next(){
         if(!_has_next()) return nullptr;
         current += r.step;
-        return py_object(vm, current-r.step);
+        return py_var(vm, current-r.step);
     }
 };
 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ public:
 
     PyVar next() {
         if(index == str->u8_length()) return nullptr;
-        return py_object(vm, str->u8_getitem(index++));
+        return py_var(vm, str->u8_getitem(index++));
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/src/main.cpp b/src/main.cpp
index 4d9dfb56..28847f33 100644
--- a/src/main.cpp
+++ b/src/main.cpp
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv){
     vm->bind_builtin_func<0>("input", [](pkpy::VM* vm, pkpy::Args& args){
         static std::string line;
         std::getline(std::cin, line);
-        return py_object(vm, line);
+        return py_var(vm, line);
     });
     if(argc == 1){
         pkpy::REPL* repl = pkpy_new_repl(vm);
diff --git a/src/pocketpy.h b/src/pocketpy.h
index c3d4282a..1a24ebc4 100644
--- a/src/pocketpy.h
+++ b/src/pocketpy.h
@@ -22,21 +22,21 @@ CodeObject_ VM::compile(Str source, Str filename, CompileMode mode) {
 #define BIND_NUM_ARITH_OPT(name, op)                                                                    \
     _vm->_bind_methods<1>({"int","float"}, #name, [](VM* vm, Args& args){                         \
         if(is_both_int(args[0], args[1])){                                                              \
-            return py_object(vm, _py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[0]) op _py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[1]));                     \
+            return py_var(vm, _py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[0]) op _py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[1]));                     \
         }else{                                                                                          \
-            return py_object(vm, vm->num_to_float(args[0]) op vm->num_to_float(args[1]));                 \
+            return py_var(vm, vm->num_to_float(args[0]) op vm->num_to_float(args[1]));                 \
         }                                                                                               \
     });
 
 #define BIND_NUM_LOGICAL_OPT(name, op, is_eq)                                                           \
     _vm->_bind_methods<1>({"int","float"}, #name, [](VM* vm, Args& args){                         \
         if(!is_both_int_or_float(args[0], args[1])){                                                    \
-            if constexpr(is_eq) return py_object(vm, args[0] op args[1]);                                  \
+            if constexpr(is_eq) return py_var(vm, args[0] op args[1]);                                  \
             vm->TypeError("unsupported operand type(s) for " #op );                                     \
         }                                                                                               \
         if(is_both_int(args[0], args[1]))                                                               \
-            return py_object(vm, _py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[0]) op _py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[1]));                    \
-        return py_object(vm, vm->num_to_float(args[0]) op vm->num_to_float(args[1]));                      \
+            return py_var(vm, _py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[0]) op _py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[1]));                    \
+        return py_var(vm, vm->num_to_float(args[0]) op vm->num_to_float(args[1]));                      \
     });
     
 
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ void init_builtins(VM* _vm) {
 
     _vm->bind_builtin_func<1>("id", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         const PyVar& obj = args[0];
-        if(obj.is_tagged()) return py_object(vm, (i64)0);
-        return py_object(vm, obj.bits);
+        if(obj.is_tagged()) return py_var(vm, (i64)0);
+        return py_var(vm, obj.bits);
     });
 
     _vm->bind_builtin_func<1>("eval", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
@@ -101,23 +101,23 @@ void init_builtins(VM* _vm) {
     _vm->bind_builtin_func<1>("hash", [](VM* vm, Args& args){
         i64 value = vm->hash(args[0]);
         if(((value << 2) >> 2) != value) value >>= 2;
-        return py_object(vm, value);
+        return py_var(vm, value);
     });
 
     _vm->bind_builtin_func<1>("chr", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         i64 i = py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[0]);
         if (i < 0 || i > 128) vm->ValueError("chr() arg not in range(128)");
-        return py_object(vm, std::string(1, (char)i));
+        return py_var(vm, std::string(1, (char)i));
     });
 
     _vm->bind_builtin_func<1>("ord", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         Str s = py_cast<Str>(vm, args[0]);
         if (s.size() != 1) vm->TypeError("ord() expected an ASCII character");
-        return py_object(vm, (i64)(s.c_str()[0]));
+        return py_var(vm, (i64)(s.c_str()[0]));
     });
 
     _vm->bind_builtin_func<2>("hasattr", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
-        return py_object(vm, vm->getattr(args[0], py_cast<Str>(vm, args[1]), false) != nullptr);
+        return py_var(vm, vm->getattr(args[0], py_cast<Str>(vm, args[1]), false) != nullptr);
     });
 
     _vm->bind_builtin_func<3>("setattr", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ void init_builtins(VM* _vm) {
     _vm->bind_builtin_func<1>("hex", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         std::stringstream ss;
         ss << std::hex << py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[0]);
-        return py_object(vm, "0x" + ss.str());
+        return py_var(vm, "0x" + ss.str());
     });
 
     _vm->bind_builtin_func<1>("dir", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
@@ -146,8 +146,8 @@ void init_builtins(VM* _vm) {
         std::vector<StrName> keys = t_attr.keys();
         names.insert(keys.begin(), keys.end());
         List ret;
-        for (StrName name : names) ret.push_back(py_object(vm, name.str()));
-        return py_object(vm, std::move(ret));
+        for (StrName name : names) ret.push_back(py_var(vm, name.str()));
+        return py_var(vm, std::move(ret));
     });
 
     _vm->bind_method<0>("object", "__repr__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
@@ -156,11 +156,11 @@ void init_builtins(VM* _vm) {
         StrStream ss;
         ss << std::hex << addr;
         Str s = "<" + OBJ_NAME(vm->_t(self)) + " object at 0x" + ss.str() + ">";
-        return py_object(vm, s);
+        return py_var(vm, s);
     });
 
-    _vm->bind_method<1>("object", "__eq__", CPP_LAMBDA(py_object(vm, args[0] == args[1])));
-    _vm->bind_method<1>("object", "__ne__", CPP_LAMBDA(py_object(vm, args[0] != args[1])));
+    _vm->bind_method<1>("object", "__eq__", CPP_LAMBDA(py_var(vm, args[0] == args[1])));
+    _vm->bind_method<1>("object", "__ne__", CPP_LAMBDA(py_var(vm, args[0] != args[1])));
 
     _vm->bind_static_method<1>("type", "__new__", CPP_LAMBDA(vm->_t(args[0])));
 
@@ -172,20 +172,20 @@ void init_builtins(VM* _vm) {
             case 3: r.start = py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[0]); r.stop = py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[1]); r.step = py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[2]); break;
             default: vm->TypeError("expected 1-3 arguments, but got " + std::to_string(args.size()));
         }
-        return py_object(vm, r);
+        return py_var(vm, r);
     });
 
     _vm->bind_method<0>("range", "__iter__", CPP_LAMBDA(
         vm->PyIter(RangeIter(vm, args[0]))
     ));
 
-    _vm->bind_method<0>("NoneType", "__repr__", CPP_LAMBDA(py_object(vm, "None")));
-    _vm->bind_method<0>("NoneType", "__json__", CPP_LAMBDA(py_object(vm, "null")));
+    _vm->bind_method<0>("NoneType", "__repr__", CPP_LAMBDA(py_var(vm, "None")));
+    _vm->bind_method<0>("NoneType", "__json__", CPP_LAMBDA(py_var(vm, "null")));
 
     _vm->_bind_methods<1>({"int", "float"}, "__truediv__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         f64 rhs = vm->num_to_float(args[1]);
         if (rhs == 0) vm->ZeroDivisionError();
-        return py_object(vm, vm->num_to_float(args[0]) / rhs);
+        return py_var(vm, vm->num_to_float(args[0]) / rhs);
     });
 
     _vm->_bind_methods<1>({"int", "float"}, "__pow__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
@@ -200,25 +200,25 @@ void init_builtins(VM* _vm) {
                 lhs *= lhs;
                 rhs >>= 1;
             }
-            if(flag) return py_object(vm, (f64)(1.0 / ret));
-            return py_object(vm, ret);
+            if(flag) return py_var(vm, (f64)(1.0 / ret));
+            return py_var(vm, ret);
         }else{
-            return py_object(vm, (f64)std::pow(vm->num_to_float(args[0]), vm->num_to_float(args[1])));
+            return py_var(vm, (f64)std::pow(vm->num_to_float(args[0]), vm->num_to_float(args[1])));
         }
     });
 
     /************ PyInt ************/
     _vm->bind_static_method<1>("int", "__new__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         if (is_type(args[0], vm->tp_int)) return args[0];
-        if (is_type(args[0], vm->tp_float)) return py_object(vm, (i64)py_cast_v<f64>(vm, args[0]));
-        if (is_type(args[0], vm->tp_bool)) return py_object(vm, _py_cast_v<bool>(vm, args[0]) ? 1 : 0);
+        if (is_type(args[0], vm->tp_float)) return py_var(vm, (i64)py_cast_v<f64>(vm, args[0]));
+        if (is_type(args[0], vm->tp_bool)) return py_var(vm, _py_cast_v<bool>(vm, args[0]) ? 1 : 0);
         if (is_type(args[0], vm->tp_str)) {
             const Str& s = py_cast<Str>(vm, args[0]);
             try{
                 size_t parsed = 0;
                 i64 val = S_TO_INT(s, &parsed, 10);
                 if(parsed != s.size()) throw std::invalid_argument("<?>");
-                return py_object(vm, val);
+                return py_var(vm, val);
             }catch(std::invalid_argument&){
                 vm->ValueError("invalid literal for int(): " + s.escape(true));
             }
@@ -230,20 +230,20 @@ void init_builtins(VM* _vm) {
     _vm->bind_method<1>("int", "__floordiv__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         i64 rhs = py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[1]);
         if(rhs == 0) vm->ZeroDivisionError();
-        return py_object(vm, py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[0]) / rhs);
+        return py_var(vm, py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[0]) / rhs);
     });
 
     _vm->bind_method<1>("int", "__mod__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         i64 rhs = py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[1]);
         if(rhs == 0) vm->ZeroDivisionError();
-        return py_object(vm, py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[0]) % rhs);
+        return py_var(vm, py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[0]) % rhs);
     });
 
-    _vm->bind_method<0>("int", "__repr__", CPP_LAMBDA(py_object(vm, std::to_string(py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[0])))));
-    _vm->bind_method<0>("int", "__json__", CPP_LAMBDA(py_object(vm, std::to_string(py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[0])))));
+    _vm->bind_method<0>("int", "__repr__", CPP_LAMBDA(py_var(vm, std::to_string(py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[0])))));
+    _vm->bind_method<0>("int", "__json__", CPP_LAMBDA(py_var(vm, std::to_string(py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[0])))));
 
 #define INT_BITWISE_OP(name,op) \
-    _vm->bind_method<1>("int", #name, CPP_LAMBDA(py_object(vm, py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[0]) op py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[1]))));
+    _vm->bind_method<1>("int", #name, CPP_LAMBDA(py_var(vm, py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[0]) op py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[1]))));
 
     INT_BITWISE_OP(__lshift__, <<)
     INT_BITWISE_OP(__rshift__, >>)
@@ -255,16 +255,16 @@ void init_builtins(VM* _vm) {
 
     /************ PyFloat ************/
     _vm->bind_static_method<1>("float", "__new__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
-        if (is_type(args[0], vm->tp_int)) return py_object(vm, (f64)py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[0]));
+        if (is_type(args[0], vm->tp_int)) return py_var(vm, (f64)py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[0]));
         if (is_type(args[0], vm->tp_float)) return args[0];
-        if (is_type(args[0], vm->tp_bool)) return py_object(vm, _py_cast_v<bool>(vm, args[0]) ? 1.0 : 0.0);
+        if (is_type(args[0], vm->tp_bool)) return py_var(vm, _py_cast_v<bool>(vm, args[0]) ? 1.0 : 0.0);
         if (is_type(args[0], vm->tp_str)) {
             const Str& s = py_cast<Str>(vm, args[0]);
-            if(s == "inf") return py_object(vm, INFINITY);
-            if(s == "-inf") return py_object(vm, -INFINITY);
+            if(s == "inf") return py_var(vm, INFINITY);
+            if(s == "-inf") return py_var(vm, -INFINITY);
             try{
                 f64 val = S_TO_FLOAT(s);
-                return py_object(vm, val);
+                return py_var(vm, val);
             }catch(std::invalid_argument&){
                 vm->ValueError("invalid literal for float(): '" + s + "'");
             }
@@ -275,18 +275,18 @@ void init_builtins(VM* _vm) {
 
     _vm->bind_method<0>("float", "__repr__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         f64 val = py_cast_v<f64>(vm, args[0]);
-        if(std::isinf(val) || std::isnan(val)) return py_object(vm, std::to_string(val));
+        if(std::isinf(val) || std::isnan(val)) return py_var(vm, std::to_string(val));
         StrStream ss;
         ss << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<f64>::max_digits10-1-2) << val;
         std::string s = ss.str();
         if(std::all_of(s.begin()+1, s.end(), isdigit)) s += ".0";
-        return py_object(vm, s);
+        return py_var(vm, s);
     });
 
     _vm->bind_method<0>("float", "__json__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         f64 val = py_cast_v<f64>(vm, args[0]);
         if(std::isinf(val) || std::isnan(val)) vm->ValueError("cannot jsonify 'nan' or 'inf'");
-        return py_object(vm, std::to_string(val));
+        return py_var(vm, std::to_string(val));
     });
 
     /************ PyString ************/
@@ -295,18 +295,18 @@ void init_builtins(VM* _vm) {
     _vm->bind_method<1>("str", "__add__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         const Str& lhs = py_cast<Str>(vm, args[0]);
         const Str& rhs = py_cast<Str>(vm, args[1]);
-        return py_object(vm, lhs + rhs);
+        return py_var(vm, lhs + rhs);
     });
 
     _vm->bind_method<0>("str", "__len__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         const Str& self = py_cast<Str>(vm, args[0]);
-        return py_object(vm, self.u8_length());
+        return py_var(vm, self.u8_length());
     });
 
     _vm->bind_method<1>("str", "__contains__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         const Str& self = py_cast<Str>(vm, args[0]);
         const Str& other = py_cast<Str>(vm, args[1]);
-        return py_object(vm, self.find(other) != Str::npos);
+        return py_var(vm, self.find(other) != Str::npos);
     });
 
     _vm->bind_method<0>("str", "__str__", CPP_LAMBDA(args[0]));
@@ -314,24 +314,24 @@ void init_builtins(VM* _vm) {
 
     _vm->bind_method<0>("str", "__repr__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         const Str& _self = py_cast<Str>(vm, args[0]);
-        return py_object(vm, _self.escape(true));
+        return py_var(vm, _self.escape(true));
     });
 
     _vm->bind_method<0>("str", "__json__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         const Str& _self = py_cast<Str>(vm, args[0]);
-        return py_object(vm, _self.escape(false));
+        return py_var(vm, _self.escape(false));
     });
 
     _vm->bind_method<1>("str", "__eq__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         if(is_type(args[0], vm->tp_str) && is_type(args[1], vm->tp_str))
-            return py_object(vm, py_cast<Str>(vm, args[0]) == py_cast<Str>(vm, args[1]));
-        return py_object(vm, args[0] == args[1]);
+            return py_var(vm, py_cast<Str>(vm, args[0]) == py_cast<Str>(vm, args[1]));
+        return py_var(vm, args[0] == args[1]);
     });
 
     _vm->bind_method<1>("str", "__ne__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         if(is_type(args[0], vm->tp_str) && is_type(args[1], vm->tp_str))
-            return py_object(vm, py_cast<Str>(vm, args[0]) != py_cast<Str>(vm, args[1]));
-        return py_object(vm, args[0] != args[1]);
+            return py_var(vm, py_cast<Str>(vm, args[0]) != py_cast<Str>(vm, args[1]));
+        return py_var(vm, args[0] != args[1]);
     });
 
     _vm->bind_method<1>("str", "__getitem__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
@@ -340,24 +340,24 @@ void init_builtins(VM* _vm) {
         if(is_type(args[1], vm->tp_slice)){
             Slice s = _py_cast_v<Slice>(vm, args[1]);
             s.normalize(self.u8_length());
-            return py_object(vm, self.u8_substr(s.start, s.stop));
+            return py_var(vm, self.u8_substr(s.start, s.stop));
         }
 
         int index = (int)py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[1]);
         index = vm->normalized_index(index, self.u8_length());
-        return py_object(vm, self.u8_getitem(index));
+        return py_var(vm, self.u8_getitem(index));
     });
 
     _vm->bind_method<1>("str", "__gt__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         const Str& self (py_cast<Str>(vm, args[0]));
         const Str& obj (py_cast<Str>(vm, args[1]));
-        return py_object(vm, self > obj);
+        return py_var(vm, self > obj);
     });
 
     _vm->bind_method<1>("str", "__lt__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         const Str& self (py_cast<Str>(vm, args[0]));
         const Str& obj (py_cast<Str>(vm, args[1]));
-        return py_object(vm, self < obj);
+        return py_var(vm, self < obj);
     });
 
     _vm->bind_method<2>("str", "replace", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
@@ -371,19 +371,19 @@ void init_builtins(VM* _vm) {
             _copy.replace(pos, _old.length(), _new);
             pos += _new.length();
         }
-        return py_object(vm, _copy);
+        return py_var(vm, _copy);
     });
 
     _vm->bind_method<1>("str", "startswith", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         const Str& _self = py_cast<Str>(vm, args[0]);
         const Str& _prefix = py_cast<Str>(vm, args[1]);
-        return py_object(vm, _self.find(_prefix) == 0);
+        return py_var(vm, _self.find(_prefix) == 0);
     });
 
     _vm->bind_method<1>("str", "endswith", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         const Str& _self = py_cast<Str>(vm, args[0]);
         const Str& _suffix = py_cast<Str>(vm, args[1]);
-        return py_object(vm, _self.rfind(_suffix) == _self.length() - _suffix.length());
+        return py_var(vm, _self.rfind(_suffix) == _self.length() - _suffix.length());
     });
 
     _vm->bind_method<1>("str", "join", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ void init_builtins(VM* _vm) {
             if (i > 0) ss << self;
             ss << py_cast<Str>(vm, list[i]);
         }
-        return py_object(vm, ss.str());
+        return py_var(vm, ss.str());
     });
 
     /************ PyList ************/
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ void init_builtins(VM* _vm) {
         List result;
         result.reserve(self.size() * n);
         for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) result.insert(result.end(), self.begin(), self.end());
-        return py_object(vm, std::move(result));
+        return py_var(vm, std::move(result));
     });
 
     _vm->bind_method<2>("list", "insert", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
@@ -435,19 +435,19 @@ void init_builtins(VM* _vm) {
         return vm->None;
     });
 
-    _vm->bind_method<0>("list", "copy", CPP_LAMBDA(py_object(vm, py_cast<List>(vm, args[0]))));
+    _vm->bind_method<0>("list", "copy", CPP_LAMBDA(py_var(vm, py_cast<List>(vm, args[0]))));
 
     _vm->bind_method<1>("list", "__add__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         const List& self = py_cast<List>(vm, args[0]);
         const List& obj = py_cast<List>(vm, args[1]);
         List new_list = self;
         new_list.insert(new_list.end(), obj.begin(), obj.end());
-        return py_object(vm, new_list);
+        return py_var(vm, new_list);
     });
 
     _vm->bind_method<0>("list", "__len__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         const List& self = py_cast<List>(vm, args[0]);
-        return py_object(vm, self.size());
+        return py_var(vm, self.size());
     });
 
     _vm->bind_method<0>("list", "__iter__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ void init_builtins(VM* _vm) {
             s.normalize(self.size());
             List new_list;
             for(size_t i = s.start; i < s.stop; i++) new_list.push_back(self[i]);
-            return py_object(vm, std::move(new_list));
+            return py_var(vm, std::move(new_list));
         }
 
         int index = (int)py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[1]);
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ void init_builtins(VM* _vm) {
     /************ PyTuple ************/
     _vm->bind_static_method<1>("tuple", "__new__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         List list = py_cast<List>(vm, vm->asList(args[0]));
-        return py_object(vm, std::move(list));
+        return py_var(vm, std::move(list));
     });
 
     _vm->bind_method<0>("tuple", "__iter__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ void init_builtins(VM* _vm) {
             s.normalize(self.size());
             List new_list;
             for(size_t i = s.start; i < s.stop; i++) new_list.push_back(self[i]);
-            return py_object(vm, std::move(new_list));
+            return py_var(vm, std::move(new_list));
         }
 
         int index = (int)py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[1]);
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ void init_builtins(VM* _vm) {
 
     _vm->bind_method<0>("tuple", "__len__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         const Tuple& self = py_cast<Tuple>(vm, args[0]);
-        return py_object(vm, self.size());
+        return py_var(vm, self.size());
     });
 
     /************ PyBool ************/
@@ -522,21 +522,21 @@ void init_builtins(VM* _vm) {
 
     _vm->bind_method<0>("bool", "__repr__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         bool val = py_cast_v<bool>(vm, args[0]);
-        return py_object(vm, val ? "True" : "False");
+        return py_var(vm, val ? "True" : "False");
     });
 
     _vm->bind_method<0>("bool", "__json__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         bool val = py_cast_v<bool>(vm, args[0]);
-        return py_object(vm, val ? "true" : "false");
+        return py_var(vm, val ? "true" : "false");
     });
 
     _vm->bind_method<1>("bool", "__xor__", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         bool self = py_cast_v<bool>(vm, args[0]);
         bool other = py_cast_v<bool>(vm, args[1]);
-        return py_object(vm, self ^ other);
+        return py_var(vm, self ^ other);
     });
 
-    _vm->bind_method<0>("ellipsis", "__repr__", CPP_LAMBDA(py_object(vm, "Ellipsis")));
+    _vm->bind_method<0>("ellipsis", "__repr__", CPP_LAMBDA(py_var(vm, "Ellipsis")));
 }
 
 #include "builtins.h"
@@ -557,16 +557,16 @@ void add_module_time(VM* vm){
     PyVar mod = vm->new_module("time");
     vm->bind_func<0>(mod, "time", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         auto now = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
-        return py_object(vm, std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(now.time_since_epoch()).count() / 1000000.0);
+        return py_var(vm, std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(now.time_since_epoch()).count() / 1000000.0);
     });
 }
 
 void add_module_sys(VM* vm){
     PyVar mod = vm->new_module("sys");
-    vm->setattr(mod, "version", py_object(vm, PK_VERSION));
+    vm->setattr(mod, "version", py_var(vm, PK_VERSION));
 
-    vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "getrefcount", CPP_LAMBDA(py_object(vm, args[0].use_count())));
-    vm->bind_func<0>(mod, "getrecursionlimit", CPP_LAMBDA(py_object(vm, vm->recursionlimit)));
+    vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "getrefcount", CPP_LAMBDA(py_var(vm, args[0].use_count())));
+    vm->bind_func<0>(mod, "getrecursionlimit", CPP_LAMBDA(py_var(vm, vm->recursionlimit)));
 
     vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "setrecursionlimit", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         vm->recursionlimit = (int)py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[0]);
@@ -587,21 +587,21 @@ void add_module_json(VM* vm){
 
 void add_module_math(VM* vm){
     PyVar mod = vm->new_module("math");
-    vm->setattr(mod, "pi", py_object(vm, 3.1415926535897932384));
-    vm->setattr(mod, "e" , py_object(vm, 2.7182818284590452354));
+    vm->setattr(mod, "pi", py_var(vm, 3.1415926535897932384));
+    vm->setattr(mod, "e" , py_var(vm, 2.7182818284590452354));
 
-    vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "log", CPP_LAMBDA(py_object(vm, std::log(vm->num_to_float(args[0])))));
-    vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "log10", CPP_LAMBDA(py_object(vm, std::log10(vm->num_to_float(args[0])))));
-    vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "log2", CPP_LAMBDA(py_object(vm, std::log2(vm->num_to_float(args[0])))));
-    vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "sin", CPP_LAMBDA(py_object(vm, std::sin(vm->num_to_float(args[0])))));
-    vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "cos", CPP_LAMBDA(py_object(vm, std::cos(vm->num_to_float(args[0])))));
-    vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "tan", CPP_LAMBDA(py_object(vm, std::tan(vm->num_to_float(args[0])))));
-    vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "isnan", CPP_LAMBDA(py_object(vm, std::isnan(vm->num_to_float(args[0])))));
-    vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "isinf", CPP_LAMBDA(py_object(vm, std::isinf(vm->num_to_float(args[0])))));
-    vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "fabs", CPP_LAMBDA(py_object(vm, std::fabs(vm->num_to_float(args[0])))));
-    vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "floor", CPP_LAMBDA(py_object(vm, (i64)std::floor(vm->num_to_float(args[0])))));
-    vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "ceil", CPP_LAMBDA(py_object(vm, (i64)std::ceil(vm->num_to_float(args[0])))));
-    vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "sqrt", CPP_LAMBDA(py_object(vm, std::sqrt(vm->num_to_float(args[0])))));
+    vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "log", CPP_LAMBDA(py_var(vm, std::log(vm->num_to_float(args[0])))));
+    vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "log10", CPP_LAMBDA(py_var(vm, std::log10(vm->num_to_float(args[0])))));
+    vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "log2", CPP_LAMBDA(py_var(vm, std::log2(vm->num_to_float(args[0])))));
+    vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "sin", CPP_LAMBDA(py_var(vm, std::sin(vm->num_to_float(args[0])))));
+    vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "cos", CPP_LAMBDA(py_var(vm, std::cos(vm->num_to_float(args[0])))));
+    vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "tan", CPP_LAMBDA(py_var(vm, std::tan(vm->num_to_float(args[0])))));
+    vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "isnan", CPP_LAMBDA(py_var(vm, std::isnan(vm->num_to_float(args[0])))));
+    vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "isinf", CPP_LAMBDA(py_var(vm, std::isinf(vm->num_to_float(args[0])))));
+    vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "fabs", CPP_LAMBDA(py_var(vm, std::fabs(vm->num_to_float(args[0])))));
+    vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "floor", CPP_LAMBDA(py_var(vm, (i64)std::floor(vm->num_to_float(args[0])))));
+    vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "ceil", CPP_LAMBDA(py_var(vm, (i64)std::ceil(vm->num_to_float(args[0])))));
+    vm->bind_func<1>(mod, "sqrt", CPP_LAMBDA(py_var(vm, std::sqrt(vm->num_to_float(args[0])))));
 }
 
 void add_module_dis(VM* vm){
@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ struct FileIO {
             FileIO& io = vm->_cast<FileIO>(args[0]);
             std::string buffer;
             io._fs >> buffer;
-            return py_object(vm, buffer);
+            return py_var(vm, buffer);
         });
 
         vm->bind_method<1>(type, "write", [](VM* vm, Args& args){
@@ -688,19 +688,19 @@ struct ReMatch {
 
     static void _register(VM* vm, PyVar mod, PyVar type){
         vm->bind_method<-1>(type, "__init__", CPP_NOT_IMPLEMENTED());
-        vm->bind_method<0>(type, "start", CPP_LAMBDA(py_object(vm, vm->_cast<ReMatch>(args[0]).start)));
-        vm->bind_method<0>(type, "end", CPP_LAMBDA(py_object(vm, vm->_cast<ReMatch>(args[0]).end)));
+        vm->bind_method<0>(type, "start", CPP_LAMBDA(py_var(vm, vm->_cast<ReMatch>(args[0]).start)));
+        vm->bind_method<0>(type, "end", CPP_LAMBDA(py_var(vm, vm->_cast<ReMatch>(args[0]).end)));
 
         vm->bind_method<0>(type, "span", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
             auto& self = vm->_cast<ReMatch>(args[0]);
-            return py_object(vm, two_args(py_object(vm, self.start), py_object(vm, self.end)));
+            return py_var(vm, two_args(py_var(vm, self.start), py_var(vm, self.end)));
         });
 
         vm->bind_method<1>(type, "group", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
             auto& self = vm->_cast<ReMatch>(args[0]);
             int index = (int)py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[1]);
             index = vm->normalized_index(index, self.m.size());
-            return py_object(vm, self.m[index].str());
+            return py_var(vm, self.m[index].str());
         });
     }
 };
@@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ void add_module_re(VM* vm){
         const Str& repl = py_cast<Str>(vm, args[1]);
         const Str& string = py_cast<Str>(vm, args[2]);
         std::regex re(pattern);
-        return py_object(vm, std::regex_replace(string, re, repl));
+        return py_var(vm, std::regex_replace(string, re, repl));
     });
 
     vm->bind_func<2>(mod, "split", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
@@ -749,9 +749,9 @@ void add_module_re(VM* vm){
         std::sregex_token_iterator end;
         List vec;
         for(; it != end; ++it){
-            vec.push_back(py_object(vm, it->str()));
+            vec.push_back(py_var(vm, it->str()));
         }
-        return py_object(vm, vec);
+        return py_var(vm, vec);
     });
 }
 
@@ -763,19 +763,19 @@ void add_module_random(VM* vm){
         return vm->None;
     });
 
-    vm->bind_func<0>(mod, "random", CPP_LAMBDA(py_object(vm, std::rand() / (f64)RAND_MAX)));
+    vm->bind_func<0>(mod, "random", CPP_LAMBDA(py_var(vm, std::rand() / (f64)RAND_MAX)));
     vm->bind_func<2>(mod, "randint", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         i64 a = py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[0]);
         i64 b = py_cast_v<i64>(vm, args[1]);
         if(a > b) std::swap(a, b);
-        return py_object(vm, a + std::rand() % (b - a + 1));
+        return py_var(vm, a + std::rand() % (b - a + 1));
     });
 
     vm->bind_func<2>(mod, "uniform", [](VM* vm, Args& args) {
         f64 a = py_cast_v<f64>(vm, args[0]);
         f64 b = py_cast_v<f64>(vm, args[1]);
         if(a > b) std::swap(a, b);
-        return py_object(vm, a + (b - a) * std::rand() / (f64)RAND_MAX);
+        return py_var(vm, a + (b - a) * std::rand() / (f64)RAND_MAX);
     });
 
     CodeObject_ code = vm->compile(kRandomCode, "random.py", EXEC_MODE);
@@ -975,13 +975,13 @@ extern "C" {
             }
             char* packet = strdup(ss.str().c_str());
             switch(ret_code){
-                case 'i': return py_object(vm, f_int(packet));
-                case 'f': return py_object(vm, f_float(packet));
-                case 'b': return py_object(vm, f_bool(packet));
+                case 'i': return py_var(vm, f_int(packet));
+                case 'f': return py_var(vm, f_float(packet));
+                case 'b': return py_var(vm, f_bool(packet));
                 case 's': {
                     char* p = f_str(packet);
                     if(p == nullptr) return vm->None;
-                    return py_object(vm, p); // no need to free(p)
+                    return py_var(vm, p); // no need to free(p)
                 }
                 case 'N': f_None(packet); return vm->None;
             }
diff --git a/src/ref.h b/src/ref.h
index ac01b4b8..3ab0b9e7 100644
--- a/src/ref.h
+++ b/src/ref.h
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ struct TupleRef : BaseRef {
         for (int i = 0; i < objs.size(); i++) {
             args[i] = vm->PyRef_AS_C(objs[i])->get(vm, frame);
         }
-        return py_object(vm, std::move(args));
+        return py_var(vm, std::move(args));
     }
 
     void set(VM* vm, Frame* frame, PyVar val) const{
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ struct TupleRef : BaseRef {
                 auto ref = vm->PyRef_AS_C(star.obj);
                 List list;
                 while((x = iter->next()) != nullptr) list.push_back(x);
-                ref->set(vm, frame, py_object(vm, std::move(list)));
+                ref->set(vm, frame, py_var(vm, std::move(list)));
                 return;
             }else{
                 x = iter->next();
diff --git a/src/vm.h b/src/vm.h
index 2c68b84f..7f43c4f5 100644
--- a/src/vm.h
+++ b/src/vm.h
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ namespace pkpy{
     template<> ctype _py_cast_v<ctype>(VM* vm, const PyVar& obj) {      \
         return OBJ_GET(ctype, obj);                                     \
     }                                                                   \
-    PyVar py_object(VM* vm, const ctype& value) { return vm->new_object(vm->ptype, value);}     \
-    PyVar py_object(VM* vm, ctype&& value) { return vm->new_object(vm->ptype, std::move(value));}
+    PyVar py_var(VM* vm, const ctype& value) { return vm->new_object(vm->ptype, value);}     \
+    PyVar py_var(VM* vm, ctype&& value) { return vm->new_object(vm->ptype, std::move(value));}
 
 class Generator: public BaseIter {
     std::unique_ptr<Frame> frame;
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ DEF_NATIVE_2(Exception, tp_exception)
 DEF_NATIVE_2(StarWrapper, tp_star_wrapper)
 
 template<typename T>
-std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T> && !std::is_same_v<RAW(T), bool>, PyVar> py_object(VM* vm, T _val){
+std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T> && !std::is_same_v<RAW(T), bool>, PyVar> py_var(VM* vm, T _val){
     i64 val = static_cast<i64>(_val);
     if(((val << 2) >> 2) != val){
         vm->_error("OverflowError", std::to_string(val) + " is out of range");
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ template<> f64 _py_cast_v<f64>(VM* vm, const PyVar& obj){
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-std::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point_v<T>, PyVar> py_object(VM* vm, T _val){
+std::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point_v<T>, PyVar> py_var(VM* vm, T _val){
     f64 val = static_cast<f64>(_val);
     i64 bits = __8B(val)._int;
     bits = (bits >> 2) << 2;
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ std::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point_v<T>, PyVar> py_object(VM* vm, T _val){
     return PyVar(reinterpret_cast<int*>(bits));
 }
 
-const PyVar& py_object(VM* vm, bool val){
+const PyVar& py_var(VM* vm, bool val){
     return val ? vm->True : vm->False;
 }
 
@@ -440,15 +440,15 @@ template<> bool _py_cast_v<bool>(VM* vm, const PyVar& obj){
     return obj == vm->True;
 }
 
-PyVar py_object(VM* vm, const char* val){
-    return py_object(vm, Str(val));
+PyVar py_var(VM* vm, const char* val){
+    return py_var(vm, Str(val));
 }
 
 PyVar VM::num_negated(const PyVar& obj){
     if (is_int(obj)){
-        return py_object(this, -py_cast_v<i64>(this, obj));
+        return py_var(this, -py_cast_v<i64>(this, obj));
     }else if(is_float(obj)){
-        return py_object(this, -py_cast_v<f64>(this, obj));
+        return py_var(this, -py_cast_v<f64>(this, obj));
     }
     TypeError("expected 'int' or 'float', got " + OBJ_NAME(_t(obj)).escape(true));
     return nullptr;
@@ -467,12 +467,12 @@ f64 VM::num_to_float(const PyVar& obj){
 const PyVar& VM::asBool(const PyVar& obj){
     if(is_type(obj, tp_bool)) return obj;
     if(obj == None) return False;
-    if(is_type(obj, tp_int)) return py_object(this, py_cast_v<i64>(this, obj) != 0);
-    if(is_type(obj, tp_float)) return py_object(this, py_cast_v<f64>(this, obj) != 0.0);
+    if(is_type(obj, tp_int)) return py_var(this, py_cast_v<i64>(this, obj) != 0);
+    if(is_type(obj, tp_float)) return py_var(this, py_cast_v<f64>(this, obj) != 0.0);
     PyVarOrNull len_fn = getattr(obj, __len__, false);
     if(len_fn != nullptr){
         PyVar ret = call(len_fn);
-        return py_object(this, py_cast_v<i64>(this, ret) > 0);
+        return py_var(this, py_cast_v<i64>(this, ret) > 0);
     }
     return True;
 }
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ i64 VM::hash(const PyVar& obj){
 }
 
 PyVar VM::asRepr(const PyVar& obj){
-    if(is_type(obj, tp_type)) return py_object(this, "<class '" + OBJ_GET(Str, obj->attr(__name__)) + "'>");
+    if(is_type(obj, tp_type)) return py_var(this, "<class '" + OBJ_GET(Str, obj->attr(__name__)) + "'>");
     return call(obj, __repr__);
 }
 
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ PyVar VM::new_type_object(PyVar mod, StrName name, PyVar base){
     setattr(obj, __base__, base);
     Str fullName = name.str();
     if(mod != builtins) fullName = OBJ_NAME(mod) + "." + name.str();
-    setattr(obj, __name__, py_object(this, fullName));
+    setattr(obj, __name__, py_var(this, fullName));
     setattr(mod, name, obj);
     _all_types.push_back(obj);
     return obj;
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ PyVar VM::new_type_object(PyVar mod, StrName name, PyVar base){
 
 PyVar VM::new_module(StrName name) {
     PyVar obj = new_object(tp_module, DummyModule());
-    setattr(obj, __name__, py_object(this, name.str()));
+    setattr(obj, __name__, py_var(this, name.str()));
     _modules.set(name, obj);
     return obj;
 }
@@ -571,15 +571,15 @@ Str VM::disassemble(CodeObject_ co){
     }
     StrStream consts;
     consts << "co_consts: ";
-    consts << py_cast<Str>(this, asRepr(py_object(this, co->consts)));
+    consts << py_cast<Str>(this, asRepr(py_var(this, co->consts)));
 
     StrStream names;
     names << "co_names: ";
     List list;
     for(int i=0; i<co->names.size(); i++){
-        list.push_back(py_object(this, co->names[i].first.str()));
+        list.push_back(py_var(this, co->names[i].first.str()));
     }
-    names << py_cast<Str>(this, asRepr(py_object(this, list)));
+    names << py_cast<Str>(this, asRepr(py_var(this, list)));
     ss << '\n' << consts.str() << '\n' << names.str() << '\n';
 
     for(int i=0; i<co->consts.size(); i++){
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ void VM::init_builtin_types(){
     setattr(_t(tp_object), __base__, None);
     
     for(auto [k, v]: _types.items()){
-        setattr(v, __name__, py_object(this, k.str()));
+        setattr(v, __name__, py_var(this, k.str()));
     }
 
     std::vector<Str> pb_types = {"type", "object", "bool", "int", "float", "str", "list", "tuple", "range"};
@@ -696,7 +696,7 @@ PyVar VM::call(const PyVar& _callable, Args args, const Args& kwargs, bool opCal
         if(!fn.starred_arg.empty()){
             List vargs;        // handle *args
             while(i < args.size()) vargs.push_back(std::move(args[i++]));
-            locals->set(fn.starred_arg, py_object(this, Tuple::from_list(std::move(vargs))));
+            locals->set(fn.starred_arg, py_var(this, Tuple::from_list(std::move(vargs))));
         }else{
             for(StrName key : fn.kwargs_order){
                 if(i < args.size()){
@@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ PyVarOrNull VM::getattr(const PyVar& obj, StrName name, bool throw_err) {
                 return call(descriptor, one_arg(obj));
             }
             if(is_type(*val, tp_function) || is_type(*val, tp_native_function)){
-                return py_object(this, BoundMethod(obj, *val));
+                return py_var(this, BoundMethod(obj, *val));
             }else{
                 return *val;
             }
@@ -798,12 +798,12 @@ void VM::setattr(PyVar& obj, StrName name, T&& value) {
 template<int ARGC>
 void VM::bind_method(PyVar obj, Str funcName, NativeFuncRaw fn) {
     check_type(obj, tp_type);
-    setattr(obj, funcName, py_object(this, NativeFunc(fn, ARGC, true)));
+    setattr(obj, funcName, py_var(this, NativeFunc(fn, ARGC, true)));
 }
 
 template<int ARGC>
 void VM::bind_func(PyVar obj, Str funcName, NativeFuncRaw fn) {
-    setattr(obj, funcName, py_object(this, NativeFunc(fn, ARGC, false)));
+    setattr(obj, funcName, py_var(this, NativeFunc(fn, ARGC, false)));
 }
 
 void VM::_error(Exception e){
@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@ void VM::_error(Exception e){
         e.is_re = false;
         throw e;
     }
-    top_frame()->push(py_object(this, e));
+    top_frame()->push(py_var(this, e));
     _raise();
 }