add pointer system

amalgamate.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ with open("src/opcodes.h", "rt", encoding='utf-8') as f:
 
 pipeline = [
 	["str.h", "builtins.h"],
-	["obj.h", "iter.h", "parser.h", "codeobject.h"],
+	["obj.h", "iter.h", "parser.h", "pointer.h", "codeobject.h"],
 	["error.h", "vm.h", "compiler.h"],
 	["pocketpy.h"]
 ]

src/codeobject.h

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "obj.h"
+#include "pointer.h"
 
 enum Opcode {
     #define OPCODE(name) OP_##name,
@@ -31,28 +32,22 @@ public:
     _Str co_name;
 
     PyVarList co_consts;
-    std::vector<_Str> co_names;
+    std::vector<NamePointer> co_name_ptrs;
+
+    int addNamePtr(const _Str& name, NameScope scope){
+        auto p = NamePointer(name, scope);
+        for(int i=0; i<co_name_ptrs.size(); i++){
+            if(co_name_ptrs[i] == p) return i;
+        }
+        co_name_ptrs.push_back(p);
+        return co_name_ptrs.size() - 1;
+    }
 
     int addConst(PyVar v){
         co_consts.push_back(v);
         return co_consts.size() - 1;
     }
 
-    int addName(const _Str& name){
-        auto iter = std::find(co_names.begin(), co_names.end(), name);
-        if(iter == co_names.end()){
-            co_names.push_back(name);
-            return co_names.size() - 1;
-        }
-        return iter - co_names.begin();
-    }
-
-    int getNameIndex(const _Str& name){
-        auto iter = std::find(co_names.begin(), co_names.end(), name);
-        if(iter == co_names.end()) return -1;
-        return iter - co_names.begin();
-    }
-
     _Str toString(){
         _StrStream ss;
         int prev_line = -1;
@@ -78,9 +73,9 @@ public:
 
         _StrStream names;
         names << "co_names: ";
-        for(int i=0; i<co_names.size(); i++){
+        for(int i=0; i<co_name_ptrs.size(); i++){
-            names << co_names[i];
+            names << co_name_ptrs[i].name;
-            if(i != co_names.size() - 1) names << ", ";
+            if(i != co_name_ptrs.size() - 1) names << ", ";
         }
         ss << '\n' << consts.str() << '\n' << names.str() << '\n';
         for(int i=0; i<co_consts.size(); i++){

src/compiler.h

@@ -105,6 +105,12 @@ public:
         rules[TK("@id")] =      { METHOD(exprName),      NO_INFIX };
         rules[TK("@num")] =     { METHOD(exprLiteral),   NO_INFIX };
         rules[TK("@str")] =     { METHOD(exprLiteral),   NO_INFIX };
+        rules[TK("=")] =        { nullptr,               METHOD(exprAssign),         PREC_ASSIGNMENT };
+        rules[TK("+=")] =       { nullptr,               METHOD(exprAssign),         PREC_ASSIGNMENT };
+        rules[TK("-=")] =       { nullptr,               METHOD(exprAssign),         PREC_ASSIGNMENT };
+        rules[TK("*=")] =       { nullptr,               METHOD(exprAssign),         PREC_ASSIGNMENT };
+        rules[TK("/=")] =       { nullptr,               METHOD(exprAssign),         PREC_ASSIGNMENT };
+        rules[TK("//=")] =      { nullptr,               METHOD(exprAssign),         PREC_ASSIGNMENT };
 #undef METHOD
 #undef NO_INFIX
     }
@@ -282,18 +288,6 @@ public:
             throw SyntaxError(path, parser->current, "expected statement end");
     }
 
-    bool matchAssignment() {
-        if (match(TK("=")))         return true;
-        if (match(TK("+=")))        return true;
-        if (match(TK("-=")))        return true;
-        if (match(TK("*=")))        return true;
-        if (match(TK("/=")))        return true;
-        if (match(TK("//=")))       return true;
-        return false;
-    }
-
-#define OP_STORE_AUTO (codes.size()==1) ? OP_STORE_NAME : OP_STORE_FAST
-
     void exprLiteral() {
         PyVar value = parser->previous.value;
         int index = getCode()->addConst(value);
@@ -304,29 +298,16 @@ public:
 
     }
 
-    void exprName() {
+    void exprAssign(){
-        Token tkname = parser->previous;
+        _TokenType op = parser->previous.type;
-        _Str name(tkname.start, tkname.length);
+        if(op == TK("=")) {     // a = (expr)
-        int index = getCode()->addName(name);
+            parsePrecedence((Precedence)(rules[op].precedence + 1));
-
+            emitCode(OP_STORE_PTR);
-        if (l_value && matchAssignment()) {
+        }else{                  // a += (expr) -> a = a + (expr)
-            _TokenType assignment = parser->previous.type;
+            // TODO: optimization is needed for inplace operators
-            matchNewLines();
+            emitCode(OP_DUP_TOP);
-            if (assignment == TK("=")) { // name = (expr);
+            parsePrecedence((Precedence)(rules[op].precedence + 1));
-                compileExpressionTuple();
+            switch (op) {
-            } else { // name += / -= / *= ... = (expr);
-                emitCode(OP_LOAD_NAME, index);
-                compileExpression();
-                emitAssignOp(assignment);
-            }
-            emitCode(OP_STORE_AUTO, index);
-        } else { // Just the name and no assignment followed by.
-            emitCode(OP_LOAD_NAME, index);
-        }
-    }
-
-    void emitAssignOp(_TokenType assignment){
-        switch (assignment) {
                 case TK("+="):      emitCode(OP_BINARY_OP, 0);  break;
                 case TK("-="):      emitCode(OP_BINARY_OP, 1);  break;
                 case TK("*="):      emitCode(OP_BINARY_OP, 2);  break;
@@ -334,25 +315,24 @@ public:
                 case TK("//="):     emitCode(OP_BINARY_OP, 4);  break;
                 default: UNREACHABLE();
             }
+            emitCode(OP_STORE_PTR);
+        }
     }
 
     void exprOr() {
         int patch = emitCode(OP_JUMP_IF_TRUE_OR_POP);
-        matchNewLines();
         parsePrecedence(PREC_LOGICAL_OR);
         patchJump(patch);
     }
 
     void exprAnd() {
         int patch = emitCode(OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP);
-        matchNewLines();
         parsePrecedence(PREC_LOGICAL_AND);
         patchJump(patch);
     }
 
     void exprBinaryOp() {
         _TokenType op = parser->previous.type;
-        matchNewLines();
         parsePrecedence((Precedence)(rules[op].precedence + 1));
 
         switch (op) {
@@ -422,38 +402,25 @@ public:
         emitCode(OP_CALL, ARGC);
     }
 
+    void exprName() {
+        Token tkname = parser->previous;
+        int index = getCode()->addNamePtr(
+            tkname.str(),
+            codes.size()>1 ? NAME_LOCAL : NAME_GLOBAL
+        );
+        emitCode(OP_LOAD_NAME_PTR, index);
+    }
+
     void exprAttrib() {
         consume(TK("@id"));
         const _Str& name = parser->previous.str();
-        int index = getCode()->addName(name);
+        int index = getCode()->addNamePtr(name, NAME_ATTR);
-
+        emitCode(OP_BUILD_ATTR_PTR, index);
-        if (match(TK("("))) {
-            emitCode(OP_LOAD_ATTR, index);
-            exprCall();
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (l_value && matchAssignment()) {
-            _TokenType assignment = parser->previous.type;
-            matchNewLines();
-            if (assignment == TK("=")) {
-                compileExpressionTuple();
-            } else { // name += / -= / *= ... = (expr);
-                emitCode(OP_DUP_TOP);
-                emitCode(OP_LOAD_ATTR, index);
-                compileExpression();
-                emitAssignOp(assignment);
-            }
-            emitCode(OP_STORE_ATTR, index);
-        } else {
-            emitCode(OP_LOAD_ATTR, index);
-        }
     }
 
     // [:], [:b]
     // [a], [a:], [a:b]
     void exprSubscript() {
-        bool slice = false;
         if(match(TK(":"))){
             emitCode(OP_LOAD_NONE);
             if(match(TK("]"))){
@@ -463,7 +430,6 @@ public:
                 consume(TK("]"));
             }
             emitCode(OP_BUILD_SLICE);
-            slice = true;
         }else{
             compileExpression();
             if(match(TK(":"))){
@@ -474,26 +440,12 @@ public:
                     consume(TK("]"));
                 }
                 emitCode(OP_BUILD_SLICE);
-                slice = true;
             }else{
                 consume(TK("]"));
             }
         }
 
-        if (l_value && matchAssignment()) {
+        emitCode(OP_BUILD_INDEX_PTR);
-            if(slice) throw SyntaxError(path, parser->previous, "can't assign to slice");
-            _TokenType assignment = parser->previous.type;
-            matchNewLines();
-
-            if (assignment == TK("=")) {
-                compileExpressionTuple();
-            } else {
-                UNREACHABLE();
-            }
-            emitCode(OP_STORE_SUBSCR);
-        } else {
-            emitCode(OP_BINARY_SUBSCR);
-        }
     }
 
     void exprValue() {
@@ -569,7 +521,7 @@ public:
     Token compileImportPath() {
         consume(TK("@id"));
         Token tkmodule = parser->previous;
-        int index = getCode()->addName(tkmodule.str());
+        int index = getCode()->addNamePtr(tkmodule.str(), NAME_GLOBAL);
         emitCode(OP_IMPORT_NAME, index);
         return tkmodule;
     }
@@ -582,8 +534,8 @@ public:
                 consume(TK("@id"));
                 tkmodule = parser->previous;
             }
-            int index = getCode()->addName(tkmodule.str());
+            int index = getCode()->addNamePtr(tkmodule.str(), NAME_GLOBAL);
-            emitCode(OP_STORE_NAME, index);
+            emitCode(OP_STORE_NAME_PTR, index);
         } while (match(TK(",")) && (matchNewLines(), true));
         consumeEndStatement();
     }
@@ -650,14 +602,16 @@ public:
 
     void compileForStatement() {
         consume(TK("@id"));
-        const _Str& iterName = parser->previous.str();
+        int iterIndex = getCode()->addNamePtr(
-        int iterIndex = getCode()->addName(iterName);
+            parser->previous.str(),
+            codes.size()>1 ? NAME_LOCAL : NAME_GLOBAL
+        );
         consume(TK("in"));
         compileExpressionTuple();
         emitCode(OP_GET_ITER);
         Loop& loop = enterLoop(true);
         int patch = emitCode(OP_FOR_ITER);
-        emitCode(OP_STORE_AUTO, iterIndex);
+        emitCode(OP_STORE_NAME_PTR, iterIndex);
         compileBlockBody();
         emitCode(OP_JUMP_ABSOLUTE, loop.start); keepOpcodeLine();
         patchJump(patch);
@@ -704,15 +658,8 @@ public:
             emitCode(OP_RAISE_ERROR);
             consumeEndStatement();
         } else if(match(TK("del"))){
-            // TODO: The del implementation is problematic in some cases.
             compileExpression();
-            ByteCode& lastCode = getCode()->co_code.back();
+            emitCode(OP_DELETE_PTR);
-            if(lastCode.op == OP_BINARY_SUBSCR){
-                lastCode.op = OP_DELETE_SUBSCR;
-                lastCode.arg = -1;
-            }else{
-                throw SyntaxError(path, parser->previous, "you should use 'del a[b]' syntax");
-            }
             consumeEndStatement();
         } else if(match(TK("pass"))){
             consumeEndStatement();
@@ -722,7 +669,7 @@ public:
 
             // If last op is not an assignment, pop the result.
             uint8_t lastOp = getCode()->co_code.back().op;
-            if( lastOp != OP_STORE_NAME && lastOp != OP_STORE_FAST && lastOp != OP_STORE_SUBSCR && lastOp != OP_STORE_ATTR){
+            if( lastOp != OP_STORE_NAME_PTR && lastOp != OP_STORE_PTR){
                 if(repl_mode && parser->indents.top() == 0){
                     emitCode(OP_PRINT_EXPR);
                 }
@@ -733,11 +680,11 @@ public:
 
     void compileClass(){
         consume(TK("@id"));
-        int clsNameIdx = getCode()->addName(parser->previous.str());
+        int clsNameIdx = getCode()->addNamePtr(parser->previous.str(), NAME_GLOBAL);
         int superClsNameIdx = -1;
         if(match(TK("("))){
             consume(TK("@id"));
-            superClsNameIdx = getCode()->addName(parser->previous.str());
+            superClsNameIdx = getCode()->addNamePtr(parser->previous.str(), NAME_GLOBAL);
             consume(TK(")"));
         }
         emitCode(OP_LOAD_NONE);
@@ -746,7 +693,7 @@ public:
         isCompilingClass = false;
 
         if(superClsNameIdx == -1) emitCode(OP_LOAD_NONE);
-        else emitCode(OP_LOAD_NAME, superClsNameIdx);
+        else emitCode(OP_LOAD_NAME_PTR, superClsNameIdx);
         emitCode(OP_BUILD_CLASS, clsNameIdx);
     }
 

src/obj.h

@@ -12,12 +12,14 @@
 
 class PyObject;
 class CodeObject;
+class BasePointer;
 class VM;
 
 typedef std::shared_ptr<PyObject> PyVar;
 typedef PyVar PyVarOrNull;
 typedef std::vector<PyVar> PyVarList;
 typedef std::unordered_map<_Str, PyVar> StlDict;
+typedef std::shared_ptr<const BasePointer> _Pointer;
 
 typedef PyVar (*_CppFunc)(VM*, PyVarList);
 typedef std::shared_ptr<CodeObject> _Code;
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ public:
     _Iterator(PyVar _ref) : _ref(_ref) {}
 };
 
-typedef std::variant<int,float,bool,_Str,PyVarList,_CppFunc,_Func,std::shared_ptr<_Iterator>,BoundedMethod,_Range,_Slice> _Value;
+typedef std::variant<int,float,bool,_Str,PyVarList,_CppFunc,_Func,std::shared_ptr<_Iterator>,BoundedMethod,_Range,_Slice,_Pointer> _Value;
 
 #define UNREACHABLE() throw std::runtime_error("Unreachable code")
 

src/opcodes.h

@@ -1,12 +1,7 @@
 #ifdef OPCODE
 
 OPCODE(LOAD_CONST)
-OPCODE(LOAD_NAME)
-
 OPCODE(IMPORT_NAME)
-OPCODE(STORE_FAST)
-OPCODE(STORE_NAME)
-
 OPCODE(PRINT_EXPR)
 OPCODE(POP_TOP)
 OPCODE(CALL)
@@ -28,13 +23,6 @@ OPCODE(BUILD_MAP)
 OPCODE(BUILD_SLICE)
 OPCODE(UNPACK_SEQUENCE)
 
-OPCODE(BINARY_SUBSCR)
-OPCODE(STORE_SUBSCR)
-OPCODE(DELETE_SUBSCR)
-
-OPCODE(LOAD_ATTR)
-OPCODE(STORE_ATTR)
-
 OPCODE(GET_ITER)
 OPCODE(FOR_ITER)
 
@@ -54,4 +42,11 @@ OPCODE(RAISE_ERROR)
 OPCODE(STORE_FUNCTION)
 OPCODE(BUILD_CLASS)
 
+OPCODE(LOAD_NAME_PTR)       // no arg
+OPCODE(BUILD_ATTR_PTR)      // arg for the name_ptr, [ptr, name_ptr] -> (*ptr).name_ptr
+OPCODE(BUILD_INDEX_PTR)     // no arg, [ptr, expr] -> (*ptr)[expr]
+OPCODE(STORE_NAME_PTR)      // arg for the name_ptr, [expr], directly store to the name_ptr without pushing it to the stack
+OPCODE(STORE_PTR)           // no arg, [ptr, expr] -> *ptr = expr
+OPCODE(DELETE_PTR)          // no arg, [ptr] -> [] -> delete ptr
+
 #endif

src/parser.h

@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ struct Token{
 enum Precedence {
   PREC_NONE,
   PREC_LOWEST,
+  PREC_ASSIGNMENT,    // =
   PREC_LOGICAL_OR,    // or
   PREC_LOGICAL_AND,   // and
   PREC_EQUALITY,      // == !=

src/pointer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "obj.h"
+
+class Frame;
+
+struct BasePointer {
+    virtual PyVar get(VM*, Frame*) const = 0;
+    virtual void set(VM*, Frame*, PyVar) const = 0;
+};
+
+enum NameScope {
+    NAME_LOCAL = 0,
+    NAME_GLOBAL = 1,
+    NAME_ATTR = 2,
+};
+
+struct NamePointer : BasePointer {
+    const _Str name;
+    const NameScope scope;
+    NamePointer(const _Str& name, NameScope scope) : name(name), scope(scope) {}
+
+    PyVar get(VM* vm, Frame* frame) const;
+    void set(VM* vm, Frame* frame, PyVar val) const;
+
+    bool operator==(const NamePointer& other) const {
+        return name == other.name && scope == other.scope;
+    }
+};
+
+struct AttrPointer : BasePointer {
+    const _Pointer root;
+    const NamePointer* attr;
+    AttrPointer(const _Pointer& root, const NamePointer* attr) : root(root), attr(attr) {}
+
+    PyVar get(VM* vm, Frame* frame) const;
+    void set(VM* vm, Frame* frame, PyVar val) const;
+};
+
+struct IndexPointer : BasePointer {
+    const _Pointer root;
+    const PyVar index;
+    IndexPointer(_Pointer root, PyVar index) : root(root), index(index) {}
+
+    PyVar get(VM* vm, Frame* frame) const;
+    void set(VM* vm, Frame* frame, PyVar val) const;
+};

src/vm.h

@@ -136,45 +136,32 @@ public:
 
             switch (byte.op)
             {
-            case OP_LOAD_CONST:
+            case OP_LOAD_CONST: frame->pushValue(frame->code->co_consts[byte.arg]); break;
-                frame->pushValue(frame->code->co_consts[byte.arg]);
+            case OP_LOAD_NAME_PTR: {
-                break;
+                const NamePointer* p = &frame->code->co_name_ptrs[byte.arg];
-            case OP_LOAD_NAME:
+                frame->pushValue(PyPointer(_Pointer(p)));
-                {
-                    const _Str& name = frame->code->co_names[byte.arg];
-                    auto it = frame->f_locals.find(name);
-                    if(it != frame->f_locals.end()){
-                        frame->pushValue(it->second);
-                        break;
-                    }
-
-                    it = frame->f_globals->find(name);
-                    if(it != frame->f_globals->end()){
-                        frame->pushValue(it->second);
-                        break;
-                    }
-
-                    it = builtins->attribs.find(name);
-                    if(it != builtins->attribs.end()){
-                        frame->pushValue(it->second);
-                        break;
-                    }
-
-                    nameError(name);
             } break;
-            case OP_STORE_FAST:
+            case OP_STORE_NAME_PTR: {
-                {
+                const NamePointer& p = frame->code->co_name_ptrs[byte.arg];
-                    const _Str& name = frame->code->co_names[byte.arg];
+                p.set(this, frame.get(), frame->popValue());
-                    frame->f_locals[name] = frame->popValue();
             } break;
-            case OP_STORE_NAME:
+            case OP_BUILD_ATTR_PTR: {
-                {
+                const NamePointer* p = &frame->code->co_name_ptrs[byte.arg];
-                    const _Str& name = frame->code->co_names[byte.arg];
+                _Pointer root = PyPointer_AS_C(frame->popValue());
-                    if(frame->f_locals.find(name) != frame->f_locals.end()){
+                frame->pushValue(PyPointer(
-                        frame->f_locals[name] = frame->popValue();
+                    std::make_shared<AttrPointer>(root, p)
-                    }else{
+                ));
-                        frame->f_globals->operator[](name) = frame->popValue();
+            } break;
-                    }
+            case OP_BUILD_INDEX_PTR: {
+                PyVar index = frame->popValue();
+                _Pointer root = PyPointer_AS_C(frame->popValue());
+                frame->pushValue(PyPointer(
+                    std::make_shared<IndexPointer>(root, index)
+                ));
+            } break;
+            case OP_STORE_PTR: {
+                _Pointer p = PyPointer_AS_C(frame->popValue());
+                p->set(this, frame.get(), frame->popValue());
             } break;
             case OP_STORE_FUNCTION:
                 {
@@ -184,7 +171,7 @@ public:
                 } break;
             case OP_BUILD_CLASS:
                 {
-                    _Str clsName = frame->code->co_names[byte.arg];
+                    const _Str& clsName = frame->code->co_name_ptrs[byte.arg].name;
                     PyVar clsBase = frame->popValue();
                     if(clsBase == None) clsBase = _tp_object;
                     __checkType(clsBase, _tp_type);
@@ -248,19 +235,6 @@ public:
                     PyVar obj_bool = asBool(obj);
                     frame->pushValue(PyBool(!PyBool_AS_C(obj_bool)));
                 } break;
-            case OP_LOAD_ATTR:
-                {
-                    PyVar obj = frame->popValue();
-                    const _Str& name = frame->code->co_names[byte.arg];
-                    frame->pushValue(getAttr(obj, name));
-                } break;
-            case OP_STORE_ATTR:
-                {
-                    PyVar value = frame->popValue();
-                    PyVar obj = frame->popValue();
-                    const _Str& name = frame->code->co_names[byte.arg];
-                    setAttr(obj, name, value);
-                } break;
             case OP_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE:
                 if(!PyBool_AS_C(asBool(frame->popValue()))) frame->jumpTo(byte.arg);
                 break;
@@ -294,19 +268,6 @@ public:
                     PyVarList items = frame->popNReversed(byte.arg);
                     frame->pushValue(PyTuple(items));
                 } break;
-            case OP_BINARY_SUBSCR:
-                {
-                    PyVar key = frame->popValue();
-                    PyVar obj = frame->popValue();
-                    frame->pushValue(call(obj, __getitem__, {key}));
-                } break;
-            case OP_STORE_SUBSCR:
-                {
-                    PyVar value = frame->popValue();
-                    PyVar key = frame->popValue();
-                    PyVar obj = frame->popValue();
-                    call(obj, __setitem__, {key, value});
-                } break;
             case OP_DUP_TOP: frame->pushValue(frame->topValue()); break;
             case OP_CALL:
                 {
@@ -363,7 +324,7 @@ public:
                 } break;
             case OP_IMPORT_NAME:
                 {
-                    const _Str& name = frame->code->co_names[byte.arg];
+                    const _Str& name = frame->code->co_name_ptrs[byte.arg].name;
                     auto it = _modules.find(name);
                     if(it == _modules.end()){
                         _error("ImportError", "module '" + name + "' not found");
@@ -371,12 +332,6 @@ public:
                         frame->pushValue(it->second);
                     }
                 } break;
-            case OP_DELETE_SUBSCR:
-                {
-                    PyVar index = frame->popValue();
-                    PyVar obj = frame->popValue();
-                    call(obj, "__delitem__", {index});
-                } break;
             default:
                 _error("SystemError", _Str("opcode ") + OP_NAMES[byte.op] + " is not implemented");
                 break;
@@ -525,7 +480,7 @@ public:
     PyVar _tp_object, _tp_type, _tp_int, _tp_float, _tp_bool, _tp_str;
     PyVar _tp_list, _tp_tuple;
     PyVar _tp_function, _tp_native_function, _tp_native_iterator, _tp_bounded_method;
-    PyVar _tp_slice, _tp_range, _tp_module;
+    PyVar _tp_slice, _tp_range, _tp_module, _tp_pointer;
 
     DEF_NATIVE(Int, int, _tp_int)
     DEF_NATIVE(Float, float, _tp_float)
@@ -538,6 +493,7 @@ public:
     DEF_NATIVE(BoundedMethod, BoundedMethod, _tp_bounded_method)
     DEF_NATIVE(Range, _Range, _tp_range)
     DEF_NATIVE(Slice, _Slice, _tp_slice)
+    DEF_NATIVE(Pointer, _Pointer, _tp_pointer)
     
     inline bool PyBool_AS_C(PyVar obj){return obj == True;}
     inline PyVar PyBool(bool value){return value ? True : False;}
@@ -558,6 +514,7 @@ public:
         _tp_slice = newClassType("slice");
         _tp_range = newClassType("range");
         _tp_module = newClassType("module");
+        _tp_pointer = newClassType("_pointer");
 
         newClassType("NoneType");
         
@@ -606,3 +563,41 @@ public:
         _modules[name] = _m;
     }
 };
+
+/**************** Pointers' Impl ****************/
+
+PyVar NamePointer::get(VM* vm, Frame* frame) const{
+    switch(scope) {
+        case NAME_LOCAL: frame->f_locals[name] = frame->popValue(); break;
+        case NAME_GLOBAL: frame->f_globals->operator[](name) = frame->popValue(); break;
+    }
+    UNREACHABLE();
+}
+
+void NamePointer::set(VM* vm, Frame* frame, PyVar val) const{
+    switch(scope) {
+        case NAME_LOCAL: frame->f_locals[name] = val; break;
+        case NAME_GLOBAL: frame->f_globals->operator[](name) = val; break;
+    }
+    UNREACHABLE();
+}
+
+PyVar AttrPointer::get(VM* vm, Frame* frame) const{
+    PyVar obj = root->get(vm, frame);
+    return vm->getAttr(obj, attr->name);
+}
+
+void AttrPointer::set(VM* vm, Frame* frame, PyVar val) const{
+    PyVar obj = root->get(vm, frame);
+    vm->setAttr(obj, attr->name, val);
+}
+
+PyVar IndexPointer::get(VM* vm, Frame* frame) const{
+    PyVar obj = root->get(vm, frame);
+    return vm->call(obj, __getitem__, {index});
+}
+
+void IndexPointer::set(VM* vm, Frame* frame, PyVar val) const{
+    PyVar obj = root->get(vm, frame);
+    vm->call(obj, __setitem__, {index, val});
+}