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<path d="M10.303 16.652c-2.837-.344-4.835-2.385-4.835-5.028 0-1.074.387-2.235 1.031-3.008-.279-.709-.236-2.214.086-2.837.86-.107 2.02.344 2.708.967.816-.258 1.676-.386 2.728-.386 1.053 0 1.913.128 2.686.365.666-.602 1.848-1.053 2.708-.946.3.581.344 2.085.064 2.815.688.817 1.053 1.913 1.053 3.03 0 2.643-1.998 4.641-4.877 5.006.73.473 1.224 1.504 1.224 2.686v2.235c0 .644.537 1.01 1.182.752 3.889-1.483 6.94-5.372 6.94-10.185 0-6.081-4.942-11.044-11.022-11.044-6.081 0-10.98 4.963-10.98 11.044a10.84 10.84 0 0 0 7.112 10.206c.58.215 1.139-.172 1.139-.752v-1.719a2.768 2.768 0 0 1-1.032.215c-1.418 0-2.256-.773-2.857-2.213-.237-.58-.495-.924-.989-.988-.258-.022-.344-.129-.344-.258 0-.258.43-.451.86-.451.623 0 1.16.386 1.719 1.181.43.623.881.903 1.418.903.537 0 .881-.194 1.375-.688.365-.365.645-.687.903-.902Z"/>
|
||
</g>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<span>Github</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="mr-6">
|
||
<a class="block py-1 inline-flex items-center text-sm whitespace-nowrap transition-colors duration-200 ease-linear md:text-header-text font-header-text hover:text-header-text-hover" href="https://discord.gg/WWaq72GzXv" target="_blank">
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||
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|
||
</svg>
|
||
<span>Discord</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</div>
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<!-- Rendered if sidebar right is enabled -->
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||
<div id="retype-sidebar-right-toggle"></div>
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||
<!-- Page content -->
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="math" class="break-words">
|
||
<h1>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#math">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span>math</span>
|
||
</h1>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathpi">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathpi">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.pi</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>3.141592653589793</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathe">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathe">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.e</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>2.718281828459045</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathinf">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathinf">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.inf</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>The <code translate="no" v-pre>inf</code>.</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathnan">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathnan">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.nan</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>The <code translate="no" v-pre>nan</code>.</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathceilx">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathceilx">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.ceil(x)</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>Return the ceiling of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> as a float, the smallest integer value greater than or equal to <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code>.</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathfabsx">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathfabsx">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.fabs(x)</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>Return the absolute value of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code>.</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathfloorx">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathfloorx">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.floor(x)</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>Return the floor of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> as a float, the largest integer value less than or equal to <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code>.</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathfsumiterable">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathfsumiterable">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.fsum(iterable)</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>Return an accurate floating point sum of values in the iterable. Avoids loss of precision by tracking multiple intermediate partial sums:</p>
|
||
<div class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
|
||
<pre translate="no" class="language-none"><code v-pre class="language-none">>>> sum([0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1])
|
||
0.9999999999999999
|
||
>>> fsum([0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1])
|
||
1.0</code></pre>
|
||
</doc-codeblock></div>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathgcda-b">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathgcda-b">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.gcd(a, b)</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>Return the greatest common divisor of the integers <code translate="no" v-pre>a</code> and <code translate="no" v-pre>b</code>.</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathisfinitex">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathisfinitex">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.isfinite(x)</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>Return <code translate="no" v-pre>True</code> if <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> is neither an infinity nor a NaN, and <code translate="no" v-pre>False</code> otherwise.</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathisinfx">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathisinfx">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.isinf(x)</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>Return <code translate="no" v-pre>True</code> if <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> is a positive or negative infinity, and <code translate="no" v-pre>False</code> otherwise.</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathisnanx">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathisnanx">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.isnan(x)</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>Return <code translate="no" v-pre>True</code> if <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> is a NaN (not a number), and <code translate="no" v-pre>False</code> otherwise.</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathisclosea-b">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathisclosea-b">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.isclose(a, b)</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>Return <code translate="no" v-pre>True</code> if the values <code translate="no" v-pre>a</code> and <code translate="no" v-pre>b</code> are close to each other and <code translate="no" v-pre>False</code> otherwise.</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathexpx">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathexpx">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.exp(x)</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>Return <code translate="no" v-pre>e</code> raised to the power of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code>.</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathlogx">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathlogx">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.log(x)</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>Return the natural logarithm of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> (to base <code translate="no" v-pre>e</code>).</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathlog2x">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathlog2x">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.log2(x)</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>Return the base-2 logarithm of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code>. This is usually more accurate than <code translate="no" v-pre>log(x, 2)</code>.</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathlog10x">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathlog10x">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.log10(x)</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>Return the base-10 logarithm of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code>. This is usually more accurate than <code translate="no" v-pre>log(x, 10)</code>.</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathpowx-y">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathpowx-y">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.pow(x, y)</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>Return <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> raised to the power <code translate="no" v-pre>y</code>.</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathsqrtx">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathsqrtx">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.sqrt(x)</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>Return the square root of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code>.</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathacosx">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathacosx">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.acos(x)</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>Return the arc cosine of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code>, in radians.</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathasinx">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathasinx">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.asin(x)</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>Return the arc sine of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code>, in radians.</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathatanx">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathatanx">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.atan(x)</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>Return the arc tangent of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code>, in radians.</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathatan2y-x">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathatan2y-x">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.atan2(y, x)</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>Return <code translate="no" v-pre>atan(y / x)</code>, in radians. The result is between <code translate="no" v-pre>-pi</code> and <code translate="no" v-pre>pi</code>. The vector in the plane from the origin to point <code translate="no" v-pre>(x, y)</code> makes this angle with the positive X axis. The point of <code translate="no" v-pre>atan2()</code> is that the signs of both inputs are known to it, so it can compute the correct quadrant for the angle. For example, <code translate="no" v-pre>atan(1)</code> and <code translate="no" v-pre>atan2(1, 1)</code> are both <code translate="no" v-pre>pi/4</code>, but <code translate="no" v-pre>atan2(-1, -1)</code> is <code translate="no" v-pre>-3*pi/4</code>.</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathcosx">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathcosx">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.cos(x)</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>Return the cosine of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> radians.</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathsinx">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathsinx">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.sin(x)</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>Return the sine of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> radians.</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathtanx">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathtanx">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.tan(x)</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>Return the tangent of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> radians.</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathdegreesx">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathdegreesx">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.degrees(x)</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>Convert angle <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> from radians to degrees.</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathradiansx">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathradiansx">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.radians(x)</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>Convert angle <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> from degrees to radians.</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathmodfx">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathmodfx">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.modf(x)</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>Return the fractional and integer parts of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code>. Both results carry the sign of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> and are floats.</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathcopysignx-y">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathcopysignx-y">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.copysign(x, y)</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>Return a float with the magnitude (absolute value) of <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> but the sign of <code translate="no" v-pre>y</code>.</p>
|
||
<doc-anchor-target id="mathfactorialx">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#mathfactorialx">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
|
||
<span><code translate="no" v-pre>math.factorial(x)</code></span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</doc-anchor-target>
|
||
<p>Return <code translate="no" v-pre>x</code> factorial as an integer.</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Required only on API pages -->
|
||
<doc-toolbar-member-filter-no-results></doc-toolbar-member-filter-no-results>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<footer id="retype-content-footer" class="clear-both">
|
||
|
||
<nav id="retype-nextprev" class="print:hidden flex mt-14">
|
||
<div class="w-1/2">
|
||
<a class="px-5 py-4 h-full flex items-center break-normal font-medium text-body-link border border-base-border hover:border-base-border-hover rounded-l-lg transition-colors duration-150 relative hover:z-5" href="../../modules/lz4/">
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mr-3" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" overflow="visible"><path d="M19 11H7.41l5.29-5.29a.996.996 0 10-1.41-1.41l-7 7a1 1 0 000 1.42l7 7a1.024 1.024 0 001.42-.01.996.996 0 000-1.41L7.41 13H19c.55 0 1-.45 1-1s-.45-1-1-1z" /><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /></svg>
|
||
<span>
|
||
<span class="block text-xs font-normal text-base-text-muted">Previous</span>
|
||
<span class="block mt-1">lz4</span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="w-1/2">
|
||
<a class="px-5 py-4 -mx-px h-full flex items-center justify-end break-normal font-medium text-body-link border border-base-border hover:border-base-border-hover rounded-r-lg transition-colors duration-150 relative hover:z-5" href="../../modules/msgpack/">
|
||
<span>
|
||
<span class="block text-xs font-normal text-right text-base-text-muted">Next</span>
|
||
<span class="block mt-1">msgpack</span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="ml-3" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" overflow="visible"><path d="M19.92 12.38a1 1 0 00-.22-1.09l-7-7a.996.996 0 10-1.41 1.41l5.3 5.3H5c-.55 0-1 .45-1 1s.45 1 1 1h11.59l-5.29 5.29a.996.996 0 000 1.41c.19.2.44.3.7.3s.51-.1.71-.29l7-7c.09-.09.16-.21.21-.33z" /><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /></svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</footer>
|
||
</main>
|
||
|
||
<div id="retype-page-footer" class="print:border-none border-t border-base-border pt-6 mb-8">
|
||
<footer class="flex flex-wrap items-center justify-between print:justify-center">
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||
<div id="retype-footer-links" class="print:hidden">
|
||
<ul class="flex flex-wrap items-center text-sm">
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="retype-copyright" class="print:justify-center py-2 text-footer-text font-footer-link text-sm leading-relaxed"><p>© Copyright 2026 - <a href="https://github.com/blueloveTH">blueloveTH</a> - All rights reserved.</p></div>
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||
</footer>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Rendered if sidebar right is enabled -->
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||
<!-- Sidebar right skeleton-->
|
||
<div v-cloak class="fixed top-0 bottom-0 right-0 translate-x-full bg-sidebar-right-bg border-sidebar-right-border lg:sticky lg:border-l lg:shrink-0 lg:pt-6 lg:transform-none sm:w-1/2 lg:w-64 lg:z-0 md:w-104 sidebar-right skeleton">
|
||
<div class="pl-5">
|
||
<div class="w-32 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
|
||
<div class="w-48 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
|
||
<div class="w-40 h-3 mb-4 bg-skeleton-bg rounded-full loading"></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<!-- User should be able to hide sidebar right -->
|
||
<doc-sidebar-right v-cloak></doc-sidebar-right>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<doc-search-mobile></doc-search-mobile>
|
||
<doc-back-to-top></doc-back-to-top>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="retype-overlay-target"></div>
|
||
|
||
<script data-cfasync="false">window.__DOCS__ = { "title": "math", level: 2, icon: "file", hasPrism: false, hasMermaid: false, hasMath: false, tocDepth: 23 }</script>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|