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<doc-anchor-target id="coding-style-guide" class="break-words">
<h1>
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#coding-style-guide">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
<span>Coding Style Guide</span>
</h1>
</doc-anchor-target>
<doc-anchor-target id="indentation">
<h2>
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#indentation">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
<span>Indentation</span>
</h2>
</doc-anchor-target>
<p>Use four spaces for indentation. Do not use <code translate="no" v-pre>TAB</code>.</p>
<doc-anchor-target id="strings">
<h2>
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#strings">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
<span>Strings</span>
</h2>
</doc-anchor-target>
<div class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python"># Prefer single quotes for strings
s = 'this is a string'
# Use double quotes only if the string itself contains a single quote
s = &quot;this ' is single quote&quot;</code></pre>
</doc-codeblock></div>
<doc-anchor-target id="docstrings">
<h2>
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#docstrings">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
<span>Docstrings</span>
</h2>
</doc-anchor-target>
<p>Always use triple quotes for docstrings.</p>
<div class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">def f():
&quot;&quot;&quot;This is a multi-line docstring.
Here is some content. Docstrings partially support Markdown.
&quot;&quot;&quot;
def g():
&quot;&quot;&quot;This is a single-line docstring.&quot;&quot;&quot;</code></pre>
</doc-codeblock></div>
<p>Use natural language to describe the function&#x27;s purpose. Do not enumerate each parameter and return value.</p>
<div class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python"># Correct
def add(a: int, b: int):
&quot;&quot;&quot;Add two integers `a` and `b`.&quot;&quot;&quot;
# Incorrect
def add(a: int, b: int):
&quot;&quot;&quot;
@param a, the first argument
@param b, the second argument
@return, the result of a + b
&quot;&quot;&quot;</code></pre>
</doc-codeblock></div>
<doc-anchor-target id="spaces">
<h2>
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#spaces">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
<span>Spaces</span>
</h2>
</doc-anchor-target>
<div class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python"># Add a space after `,` or `:`
a, b = 1, 2
c = [1, 2, 3]
d = {'key': 'value'}
# Spaces may be added around operators
res = 1 + 2
if res &lt; 2: pass
# Spaces can also be selectively added to indicate operator precedence
x = x * 2 - 1
hypot2 = x * x + y * y
c = (a + b) * (a - b)
# Add a space after `:` in type annotations
def f(a: int, b: float): ...
def g() -&gt; int: ...
# Add spaces around `=` when specifying default values in function parameters
def f(a: int = 1, b: int | None = None): ...
# However, omit spaces if the parameter has no type annotation
def f(a=1, b=2): pass
# Do not add spaces in keyword arguments when calling functions
print(1, 2, 3, end='', sep=',')
f(a=10, b=20)</code></pre>
</doc-codeblock></div>
<doc-anchor-target id="naming-conventions">
<h2>
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#naming-conventions">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
<span>Naming Conventions</span>
</h2>
</doc-anchor-target>
<ul>
<li>Classes: <code translate="no" v-pre>CapitalizedWords</code></li>
<li>Functions and variables: <code translate="no" v-pre>lower_case_with_underscores</code></li>
<li>Constants and enums: <code translate="no" v-pre>UPPER_CASE_WITH_UNDERSCORES</code> or <code translate="no" v-pre>CapitalizedWords</code></li>
<li>Anonymous ordered variables: <code translate="no" v-pre>_0</code>, <code translate="no" v-pre>_1</code>, <code translate="no" v-pre>_2</code></li>
<li>Discarded variables: <code translate="no" v-pre>_</code></li>
<li>Some standard library functions: <code translate="no" v-pre>lowercase</code></li>
</ul>
<p>Here are some commonly used naming conventions:</p>
<ul>
<li><code translate="no" v-pre>self</code>: The first parameter of an instance method</li>
<li><code translate="no" v-pre>cls</code>: The first parameter of class methods and <code translate="no" v-pre>__new__</code></li>
</ul>
<doc-anchor-target id="using-abbreviations">
<h3>
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#using-abbreviations">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
<span>Using Abbreviations</span>
</h3>
</doc-anchor-target>
<p>Use abbreviations only for temporary variables and internal implementations.</p>
<p>Abbreviations should be well-established, include key syllables of the original word, and be immediately recognizable.</p>
<ul>
<li><code translate="no" v-pre>context</code> -&gt; <code translate="no" v-pre>ctx</code> (✔)</li>
<li><code translate="no" v-pre>temporary</code> -&gt; <code translate="no" v-pre>tmp</code> (✔)</li>
<li><code translate="no" v-pre>distribution</code> -&gt; <code translate="no" v-pre>dist</code> (✔)</li>
<li><code translate="no" v-pre>visited</code> -&gt; <code translate="no" v-pre>vis</code> (<span class="docs-emoji">&#x274C;</span>)</li>
</ul>
<div class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python"># Incorrect: Using abbreviations in public function parameters
def some_pub_fn(ctx, req_id, data):
pass
# Correct
def some_public_function(context, request_id, data):
pass</code></pre>
</doc-codeblock></div>
<doc-anchor-target id="using-precise-terminology">
<h3>
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#using-precise-terminology">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
<span>Using Precise Terminology</span>
</h3>
</doc-anchor-target>
<p>Naming should convey precise meanings, especially when multiple synonyms exist.</p>
<p>For example, <code translate="no" v-pre>count</code>, <code translate="no" v-pre>size</code>, and <code translate="no" v-pre>length</code> all relate to quantity, but they have different nuances:</p>
<ul>
<li><code translate="no" v-pre>count</code>: Represents a counted value</li>
<li><code translate="no" v-pre>length</code>: Represents the number of elements in a container</li>
<li><code translate="no" v-pre>size</code>: Represents the byte size of an object</li>
</ul>
<div class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">s = 'aaabc⭐'
count = s.count('a')
length = len(s)
size = len(s.encode())
print(f&quot;{s!r} has a length of {length}, a size of {size} bytes, and contains {count} occurrences of 'a'&quot;)
# 'aaabc⭐' has a length of 6, a size of 8 bytes, and contains 3 occurrences of 'a'</code></pre>
</doc-codeblock></div>
<doc-anchor-target id="using-professional-terminology">
<h3>
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#using-professional-terminology">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
<span>Using Professional Terminology</span>
</h3>
</doc-anchor-target>
<ul>
<li>For item quantities in a game: <code translate="no" v-pre>quantity</code> is better than <code translate="no" v-pre>item_count</code></li>
<li>For grid counts: <code translate="no" v-pre>area</code> (meaning surface area) is better than <code translate="no" v-pre>grid_count</code></li>
</ul>
<doc-anchor-target id="avoiding-built-in-names">
<h3>
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#avoiding-built-in-names">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
<span>Avoiding Built-in Names</span>
</h3>
</doc-anchor-target>
<div class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python"># Incorrect: Overwriting `builtins.map`
map = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
# Incorrect: Overwriting `builtins.type`
type = some_thing.type</code></pre>
</doc-codeblock></div>
<doc-anchor-target id="internal-functions-and-classes">
<h3>
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#internal-functions-and-classes">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
<span>Internal Functions and Classes</span>
</h3>
</doc-anchor-target>
<p>Use a single underscore <code translate="no" v-pre>_</code> as a prefix for internal functions. Never use a double underscore <code translate="no" v-pre>__</code> (except for magic methods).</p>
<div class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">def _internal_func():
&quot;&quot;&quot;This is an internal function.&quot;&quot;&quot;
class _InternalClass:
def _internal_f(self): pass</code></pre>
</doc-codeblock></div>
<doc-anchor-target id="importing-modules">
<h2>
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#importing-modules">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
<span>Importing Modules</span>
</h2>
</doc-anchor-target>
<ol>
<li>Import standard library modules first.</li>
<li>Then import third-party dependencies.</li>
<li>Finally, import project-specific modules.</li>
</ol>
<div class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">from typing import Any
from collections import deque
from array2d import array2d
from ..utils import logger</code></pre>
</doc-codeblock></div>
<doc-anchor-target id="coding-practices">
<h2>
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#coding-practices">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
<span>Coding Practices</span>
</h2>
</doc-anchor-target>
<p>Use <code translate="no" v-pre>is not</code> when checking for <code translate="no" v-pre>None</code>. Do not explicitly compare with <code translate="no" v-pre>True</code> or <code translate="no" v-pre>False</code>.</p>
<div class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python"># Correct
if x is not None: pass
# Incorrect
if x != None: pass
# Correct
x = True
if x: pass
if not x: pass
# Incorrect
if x == True: pass
if x is True: pass
if x != False: pass</code></pre>
</doc-codeblock></div>
<p>The <code translate="no" v-pre>if</code> statement implicitly calls <code translate="no" v-pre>bool()</code>, so it can be used to check if a container is empty.</p>
<div class="codeblock-wrapper"><doc-codeblock>
<pre translate="no" class="language-python"><code v-pre class="language-python">not_empty_list = [1]
not_empty_string = '1'
truth = True
if not_empty_list:
print('true value')
if not_empty_string:
print('true value')
if truth:
print('true value')
# Explicitly checking for emptiness is also valid
if len(not_empty_list) &gt; 0: pass</code></pre>
</doc-codeblock></div>
<doc-anchor-target id="references">
<h2>
<doc-anchor-trigger class="header-anchor-trigger" to="#references">#</doc-anchor-trigger>
<span>References</span>
</h2>
</doc-anchor-target>
<p><a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0008/">PEP 8 Style Guide for Python Code</a></p>
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