pocketpy/src/compiler/compiler.cpp
2024-06-22 15:46:48 +08:00

1364 lines
47 KiB
C++

#include "pocketpy/compiler/compiler.hpp"
#include "pocketpy/common/config.h"
#include "pocketpy/interpreter/vm.hpp"
#include "pocketpy/objects/codeobject.hpp"
#include <cstdarg>
namespace pkpy {
#define consume(expected) if(!match(expected)) return SyntaxError("expected '%s', got '%s'", pk_TokenSymbols[expected], pk_TokenSymbols[curr().type]);
#define consume_end_stmt() if(!match_end_stmt()) return SyntaxError("expected statement end")
#define check_newlines_repl() { bool __nml; match_newlines(&__nml); if(__nml) return NeedMoreLines(); }
#define check(B) if((err = B)) return err
PrattRule Compiler::rules[TK__COUNT__];
NameScope Compiler::name_scope() const noexcept{
auto s = contexts.size() > 1 ? NAME_LOCAL : NAME_GLOBAL;
if(unknown_global_scope && s == NAME_GLOBAL) s = NAME_GLOBAL_UNKNOWN;
return s;
}
CodeObject* Compiler::push_global_context() noexcept{
CodeObject* co = new CodeObject(lexer.src, static_cast<const Str&>(lexer.src->filename));
co->start_line = __i == 0 ? 1 : prev().line;
contexts.push_back(CodeEmitContext(vm, co, contexts.size()));
return co;
}
FuncDecl_ Compiler::push_f_context(Str name) noexcept{
CodeObject* co = new CodeObject(lexer.src, name);
FuncDecl_ decl = std::make_shared<FuncDecl>(co);
decl->code->start_line = __i == 0 ? 1 : prev().line;
decl->nested = name_scope() == NAME_LOCAL;
contexts.push_back(CodeEmitContext(vm, decl->code, contexts.size()));
contexts.back().func = decl;
return decl;
}
Error* Compiler::pop_context() noexcept{
assert(ctx()->s_size() == 0);
// add a `return None` in the end as a guard
// previously, we only do this if the last opcode is not a return
// however, this is buggy...since there may be a jump to the end (out of bound) even if the last opcode is a return
ctx()->emit_(OP_RETURN_VALUE, 1, BC_KEEPLINE, true);
// find the last valid token
int j = __i - 1;
while(tk(j).type == TK_EOL || tk(j).type == TK_DEDENT || tk(j).type == TK_EOF)
j--;
ctx()->co->end_line = tk(j).line;
// some check here
auto& codes = ctx()->co->codes;
if(ctx()->co->nlocals > PK_MAX_CO_VARNAMES) {
return SyntaxError("maximum number of local variables exceeded");
}
if(ctx()->co->consts.size() > 65530) {
return SyntaxError("maximum number of constants exceeded");
}
// pre-compute LOOP_BREAK and LOOP_CONTINUE
for(int i = 0; i < codes.size(); i++) {
Bytecode& bc = codes[i];
if(bc.op == OP_LOOP_CONTINUE) {
CodeBlock* block = &ctx()->co->blocks[bc.arg];
Bytecode__set_signed_arg(&bc, block->start - i);
} else if(bc.op == OP_LOOP_BREAK) {
CodeBlock* block = &ctx()->co->blocks[bc.arg];
Bytecode__set_signed_arg(&bc, (block->end2 != -1 ? block->end2 : block->end) - i);
}
}
// pre-compute func->is_simple
FuncDecl_ func = contexts.back().func;
if(func) {
// check generator
for(Bytecode bc: func->code->codes) {
if(bc.op == OP_YIELD_VALUE || bc.op == OP_FOR_ITER_YIELD_VALUE) {
func->type = FuncType_GENERATOR;
for(Bytecode bc: func->code->codes) {
if(bc.op == OP_RETURN_VALUE && bc.arg == BC_NOARG) {
return SyntaxError("'return' with argument inside generator function");
}
}
break;
}
}
if(func->type == FuncType_UNSET) {
bool is_simple = true;
if(func->kwargs.count > 0) is_simple = false;
if(func->starred_arg >= 0) is_simple = false;
if(func->starred_kwarg >= 0) is_simple = false;
if(is_simple) {
func->type = FuncType_SIMPLE;
bool is_empty = false;
if(func->code->codes.size() == 1) {
Bytecode bc = func->code->codes[0];
if(bc.op == OP_RETURN_VALUE && bc.arg == 1) { is_empty = true; }
}
if(is_empty) func->type = FuncType_EMPTY;
} else
func->type = FuncType_NORMAL;
}
assert(func->type != FuncType_UNSET);
}
contexts.back().s_clean();
contexts.pop_back();
return NULL;
}
void Compiler::init_pratt_rules() noexcept{
static bool initialized = false;
if(initialized) return;
initialized = true;
// clang-format off
// http://journal.stuffwithstuff.com/2011/03/19/pratt-parsers-expression-parsing-made-easy/
#define PK_METHOD(name) &Compiler::name
#define PK_NO_INFIX nullptr, PREC_LOWEST
for(int i = 0; i < TK__COUNT__; i++) rules[i] = { nullptr, PK_NO_INFIX };
rules[TK_DOT] = { nullptr, PK_METHOD(exprAttrib), PREC_PRIMARY };
rules[TK_LPAREN] = { PK_METHOD(exprGroup), PK_METHOD(exprCall), PREC_PRIMARY };
rules[TK_LBRACKET] = { PK_METHOD(exprList), PK_METHOD(exprSubscr), PREC_PRIMARY };
rules[TK_LBRACE] = { PK_METHOD(exprMap), PK_NO_INFIX };
rules[TK_MOD] = { nullptr, PK_METHOD(exprBinaryOp), PREC_FACTOR };
rules[TK_ADD] = { nullptr, PK_METHOD(exprBinaryOp), PREC_TERM };
rules[TK_SUB] = { PK_METHOD(exprUnaryOp), PK_METHOD(exprBinaryOp), PREC_TERM };
rules[TK_MUL] = { PK_METHOD(exprUnaryOp), PK_METHOD(exprBinaryOp), PREC_FACTOR };
rules[TK_INVERT] = { PK_METHOD(exprUnaryOp), nullptr, PREC_UNARY };
rules[TK_DIV] = { nullptr, PK_METHOD(exprBinaryOp), PREC_FACTOR };
rules[TK_FLOORDIV] = { nullptr, PK_METHOD(exprBinaryOp), PREC_FACTOR };
rules[TK_POW] = { PK_METHOD(exprUnaryOp), PK_METHOD(exprBinaryOp), PREC_EXPONENT };
rules[TK_GT] = { nullptr, PK_METHOD(exprBinaryOp), PREC_COMPARISION };
rules[TK_LT] = { nullptr, PK_METHOD(exprBinaryOp), PREC_COMPARISION };
rules[TK_EQ] = { nullptr, PK_METHOD(exprBinaryOp), PREC_COMPARISION };
rules[TK_NE] = { nullptr, PK_METHOD(exprBinaryOp), PREC_COMPARISION };
rules[TK_GE] = { nullptr, PK_METHOD(exprBinaryOp), PREC_COMPARISION };
rules[TK_LE] = { nullptr, PK_METHOD(exprBinaryOp), PREC_COMPARISION };
rules[TK_IN] = { nullptr, PK_METHOD(exprBinaryOp), PREC_COMPARISION };
rules[TK_IS] = { nullptr, PK_METHOD(exprBinaryOp), PREC_COMPARISION };
rules[TK_LSHIFT] = { nullptr, PK_METHOD(exprBinaryOp), PREC_BITWISE_SHIFT };
rules[TK_RSHIFT] = { nullptr, PK_METHOD(exprBinaryOp), PREC_BITWISE_SHIFT };
rules[TK_AND] = { nullptr, PK_METHOD(exprBinaryOp), PREC_BITWISE_AND };
rules[TK_OR] = { nullptr, PK_METHOD(exprBinaryOp), PREC_BITWISE_OR };
rules[TK_XOR] = { nullptr, PK_METHOD(exprBinaryOp), PREC_BITWISE_XOR };
rules[TK_DECORATOR] = { nullptr, PK_METHOD(exprBinaryOp), PREC_FACTOR };
rules[TK_IF] = { nullptr, PK_METHOD(exprTernary), PREC_TERNARY };
rules[TK_NOT_IN] = { nullptr, PK_METHOD(exprBinaryOp), PREC_COMPARISION };
rules[TK_IS_NOT] = { nullptr, PK_METHOD(exprBinaryOp), PREC_COMPARISION };
rules[TK_AND_KW ] = { nullptr, PK_METHOD(exprAnd), PREC_LOGICAL_AND };
rules[TK_OR_KW] = { nullptr, PK_METHOD(exprOr), PREC_LOGICAL_OR };
rules[TK_NOT_KW] = { PK_METHOD(exprNot), nullptr, PREC_LOGICAL_NOT };
rules[TK_TRUE] = { PK_METHOD(exprLiteral0), PK_NO_INFIX };
rules[TK_FALSE] = { PK_METHOD(exprLiteral0), PK_NO_INFIX };
rules[TK_NONE] = { PK_METHOD(exprLiteral0), PK_NO_INFIX };
rules[TK_DOTDOTDOT] = { PK_METHOD(exprLiteral0), PK_NO_INFIX };
rules[TK_LAMBDA] = { PK_METHOD(exprLambda), PK_NO_INFIX };
rules[TK_ID] = { PK_METHOD(exprName), PK_NO_INFIX };
rules[TK_NUM] = { PK_METHOD(exprLiteral), PK_NO_INFIX };
rules[TK_STR] = { PK_METHOD(exprLiteral), PK_NO_INFIX };
rules[TK_FSTR] = { PK_METHOD(exprFString), PK_NO_INFIX };
rules[TK_LONG] = { PK_METHOD(exprLong), PK_NO_INFIX };
rules[TK_IMAG] = { PK_METHOD(exprImag), PK_NO_INFIX };
rules[TK_BYTES] = { PK_METHOD(exprBytes), PK_NO_INFIX };
rules[TK_COLON] = { PK_METHOD(exprSlice0), PK_METHOD(exprSlice1), PREC_PRIMARY };
#undef PK_METHOD
#undef PK_NO_INFIX
// clang-format on
}
bool Compiler::match(TokenIndex expected) noexcept{
if(curr().type != expected) return false;
advance();
return true;
}
bool Compiler::match_newlines(bool* need_more_lines) noexcept{
bool consumed = false;
if(curr().type == TK_EOL) {
while(curr().type == TK_EOL) advance();
consumed = true;
}
if(need_more_lines) {
*need_more_lines = (mode() == REPL_MODE && curr().type == TK_EOF);
}
return consumed;
}
bool Compiler::match_end_stmt() noexcept{
if(match(TK_SEMICOLON)) {
match_newlines();
return true;
}
if(match_newlines() || curr().type == TK_EOF) return true;
if(curr().type == TK_DEDENT) return true;
return false;
}
Error* Compiler::EXPR_TUPLE(bool allow_slice) noexcept{
Error* err;
check(parse_expression(PREC_LOWEST + 1, allow_slice));
if(!match(TK_COMMA)) return NULL;
// tuple expression
int count = 1;
do {
if(curr().brackets_level) check_newlines_repl()
if(!is_expression(allow_slice)) break;
check(parse_expression(PREC_LOWEST + 1, allow_slice));
count += 1;
if(curr().brackets_level) check_newlines_repl();
} while(match(TK_COMMA));
TupleExpr* e = make_expr<TupleExpr>(count);
for(int i=count-1; i>=0; i--)
e->items[i] = ctx()->s_popx();
ctx()->s_push(e);
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::EXPR_VARS() noexcept{
int count = 0;
do {
consume(TK_ID);
ctx()->s_push(make_expr<NameExpr>(prev().str(), name_scope()));
count += 1;
} while(match(TK_COMMA));
if(count > 1){
TupleExpr* e = make_expr<TupleExpr>(count);
for(int i=count-1; i>=0; i--)
e->items[i] = ctx()->s_popx();
ctx()->s_push(e);
}
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::exprLiteral() noexcept{
ctx()->s_push(make_expr<LiteralExpr>(prev().value));
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::exprLong() noexcept{
ctx()->s_push(make_expr<LongExpr>(prev().str()));
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::exprImag() noexcept{
ctx()->s_push(make_expr<ImagExpr>(std::get<f64>(prev().value)));
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::exprBytes() noexcept{
ctx()->s_push(make_expr<BytesExpr>(std::get<Str>(prev().value)));
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::exprFString() noexcept{
ctx()->s_push(make_expr<FStringExpr>(std::get<Str>(prev().value)));
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::exprLambda() noexcept{
Error* err;
FuncDecl_ decl = push_f_context("<lambda>");
int line = prev().line; // backup line
if(!match(TK_COLON)) {
check(_compile_f_args(decl, false));
consume(TK_COLON);
}
// https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy/issues/37
check(parse_expression(PREC_LAMBDA + 1));
ctx()->s_emit_top();
ctx()->emit_(OP_RETURN_VALUE, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
check(pop_context());
LambdaExpr* e = make_expr<LambdaExpr>(decl);
e->line = line;
ctx()->s_push(e);
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::exprOr() noexcept{
int line = prev().line;
Error* err;
check(parse_expression(PREC_LOGICAL_OR + 1));
auto e = make_expr<OrExpr>();
e->line = line;
e->rhs = ctx()->s_popx();
e->lhs = ctx()->s_popx();
ctx()->s_push(e);
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::exprAnd() noexcept{
int line = prev().line;
Error* err;
check(parse_expression(PREC_LOGICAL_AND + 1));
auto e = make_expr<AndExpr>();
e->line = line;
e->rhs = ctx()->s_popx();
e->lhs = ctx()->s_popx();
ctx()->s_push(e);
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::exprTernary() noexcept{
// [true_expr]
Error* err;
int line = prev().line;
check(parse_expression(PREC_TERNARY + 1)); // [true_expr, cond]
consume(TK_ELSE);
check(parse_expression(PREC_TERNARY + 1)); // [true_expr, cond, false_expr]
auto e = make_expr<TernaryExpr>();
e->line = line;
e->false_expr = ctx()->s_popx();
e->cond = ctx()->s_popx();
e->true_expr = ctx()->s_popx();
ctx()->s_push(e);
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::exprBinaryOp() noexcept{
Error* err;
int line = prev().line;
TokenIndex op = prev().type;
check(parse_expression(rules[op].precedence + 1));
BinaryExpr* e = make_expr<BinaryExpr>(op);
e->line = line;
e->rhs = ctx()->s_popx();
e->lhs = ctx()->s_popx();
ctx()->s_push(e);
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::exprNot() noexcept{
Error* err;
check(parse_expression(PREC_LOGICAL_NOT + 1));
NotExpr* e = make_expr<NotExpr>(ctx()->s_popx());
ctx()->s_push(e);
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::exprUnaryOp() noexcept{
Error* err;
TokenIndex op = prev().type;
check(parse_expression(PREC_UNARY + 1));
switch(op) {
case TK_SUB: ctx()->s_push(make_expr<NegatedExpr>(ctx()->s_popx())); break;
case TK_INVERT: ctx()->s_push(make_expr<InvertExpr>(ctx()->s_popx())); break;
case TK_MUL: ctx()->s_push(make_expr<StarredExpr>(ctx()->s_popx(), 1)); break;
case TK_POW: ctx()->s_push(make_expr<StarredExpr>(ctx()->s_popx(), 2)); break;
default: assert(false);
}
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::exprGroup() noexcept{
Error* err;
check_newlines_repl()
check(EXPR_TUPLE()); // () is just for change precedence
check_newlines_repl()
consume(TK_RPAREN);
if(ctx()->s_top()->is_tuple()) return NULL;
Expr* g = make_expr<GroupedExpr>(ctx()->s_popx());
ctx()->s_push(g);
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::consume_comp(Opcode op0, Opcode op1) noexcept{
// [expr]
Error* err;
bool has_cond = false;
check(EXPR_VARS()); // [expr, vars]
consume(TK_IN);
check(parse_expression(PREC_TERNARY + 1)); // [expr, vars, iter]
check_newlines_repl()
if(match(TK_IF)) {
check(parse_expression(PREC_TERNARY + 1)); // [expr, vars, iter, cond]
has_cond = true;
}
CompExpr* ce = make_expr<CompExpr>(op0, op1);
if(has_cond) ce->cond = ctx()->s_popx();
ce->iter = ctx()->s_popx();
ce->vars = ctx()->s_popx();
ce->expr = ctx()->s_popx();
ctx()->s_push(ce);
check_newlines_repl()
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::exprList() noexcept{
Error* err;
int line = prev().line;
int count = 0;
do {
check_newlines_repl()
if(curr().type == TK_RBRACKET) break;
check(EXPR()); count += 1;
check_newlines_repl()
if(count == 1 && match(TK_FOR)) {
check(consume_comp(OP_BUILD_LIST, OP_LIST_APPEND));
consume(TK_RBRACKET);
return NULL;
}
check_newlines_repl()
} while(match(TK_COMMA));
consume(TK_RBRACKET);
ListExpr* e = make_expr<ListExpr>(count);
e->line = line; // override line
for(int i=count-1; i>=0; i--)
e->items[i] = ctx()->s_popx();
ctx()->s_push(e);
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::exprMap() noexcept{
Error* err;
bool parsing_dict = false; // {...} may be dict or set
int count = 0;
do {
check_newlines_repl()
if(curr().type == TK_RBRACE) break;
check(EXPR()); // [key]
int star_level = ctx()->s_top()->star_level();
if(star_level == 2 || curr().type == TK_COLON) { parsing_dict = true; }
if(parsing_dict) {
if(star_level == 2) {
DictItemExpr* dict_item = make_expr<DictItemExpr>();
dict_item->key = NULL;
dict_item->value = ctx()->s_popx();
ctx()->s_push(dict_item);
} else {
consume(TK_COLON);
check(EXPR());
DictItemExpr* dict_item = make_expr<DictItemExpr>();
dict_item->value = ctx()->s_popx();
dict_item->key = ctx()->s_popx();
ctx()->s_push(dict_item);
}
}
count += 1;
check_newlines_repl()
if(count == 1 && match(TK_FOR)) {
if(parsing_dict){
check(consume_comp(OP_BUILD_DICT, OP_DICT_ADD));
}else{
check(consume_comp(OP_BUILD_SET, OP_SET_ADD));
}
consume(TK_RBRACE);
return NULL;
}
check_newlines_repl()
} while(match(TK_COMMA));
consume(TK_RBRACE);
SequenceExpr* se;
if(count == 0 || parsing_dict) {
se = make_expr<DictExpr>(count);
} else {
se = make_expr<SetExpr>(count);
}
for(int i=count-1; i>=0; i--)
se->items[i] = ctx()->s_popx();
ctx()->s_push(se);
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::exprCall() noexcept{
Error* err;
CallExpr* e = make_expr<CallExpr>();
e->callable = ctx()->s_popx();
ctx()->s_push(e); // push onto the stack in advance
do {
check_newlines_repl()
if(curr().type == TK_RPAREN) break;
if(curr().type == TK_ID && next().type == TK_ASSIGN) {
consume(TK_ID);
StrName key(prev().sv());
consume(TK_ASSIGN);
check(EXPR());
e->kwargs.push_back({key, ctx()->s_popx()});
} else {
check(EXPR());
if(ctx()->s_top()->star_level() == 2) {
// **kwargs
e->kwargs.push_back({"**", ctx()->s_popx()});
} else {
// positional argument
if(!e->kwargs.empty()) return SyntaxError("positional argument follows keyword argument");
e->args.push_back(ctx()->s_popx());
}
}
check_newlines_repl()
} while(match(TK_COMMA));
consume(TK_RPAREN);
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::exprName() noexcept{
StrName name(prev().sv());
NameScope scope = name_scope();
if(ctx()->global_names.contains(name)) { scope = NAME_GLOBAL; }
ctx()->s_push(make_expr<NameExpr>(name, scope));
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::exprAttrib() noexcept{
consume(TK_ID);
ctx()->s_push(make_expr<AttribExpr>(ctx()->s_popx(), StrName::get(prev().sv())));
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::exprSlice0() noexcept{
Error* err;
SliceExpr* slice = make_expr<SliceExpr>();
ctx()->s_push(slice); // push onto the stack in advance
if(is_expression()) { // :<stop>
check(EXPR());
slice->stop = ctx()->s_popx();
// try optional step
if(match(TK_COLON)) { // :<stop>:<step>
check(EXPR());
slice->step = ctx()->s_popx();
}
} else if(match(TK_COLON)) {
if(is_expression()) { // ::<step>
check(EXPR());
slice->step = ctx()->s_popx();
} // else ::
} // else :
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::exprSlice1() noexcept{
Error* err;
SliceExpr* slice = make_expr<SliceExpr>();
slice->start = ctx()->s_popx();
ctx()->s_push(slice); // push onto the stack in advance
if(is_expression()) { // <start>:<stop>
check(EXPR());
slice->stop = ctx()->s_popx();
// try optional step
if(match(TK_COLON)) { // <start>:<stop>:<step>
check(EXPR());
slice->step = ctx()->s_popx();
}
} else if(match(TK_COLON)) { // <start>::<step>
check(EXPR());
slice->step = ctx()->s_popx();
} // else <start>:
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::exprSubscr() noexcept{
Error* err;
int line = prev().line;
check_newlines_repl()
check(EXPR_TUPLE(true));
check_newlines_repl()
consume(TK_RBRACKET); // [lhs, rhs]
SubscrExpr* e = make_expr<SubscrExpr>();
e->line = line;
e->rhs = ctx()->s_popx(); // [lhs]
e->lhs = ctx()->s_popx(); // []
ctx()->s_push(e);
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::exprLiteral0() noexcept{
ctx()->s_push(make_expr<Literal0Expr>(prev().type));
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::compile_block_body(PrattCallback callback) noexcept{
Error* err;
if(!callback) callback = &Compiler::compile_stmt;
consume(TK_COLON);
if(curr().type != TK_EOL && curr().type != TK_EOF) {
while(true) {
check(compile_stmt());
bool possible = curr().type != TK_EOL && curr().type != TK_EOF;
if(prev().type != TK_SEMICOLON || !possible) break;
}
return NULL;
}
bool need_more_lines;
bool consumed = match_newlines(&need_more_lines);
if(need_more_lines) return NeedMoreLines();
if(!consumed) return SyntaxError("expected a new line after ':'");
consume(TK_INDENT);
while(curr().type != TK_DEDENT) {
match_newlines();
check((this->*callback)());
match_newlines();
}
consume(TK_DEDENT);
return NULL;
}
// import a [as b]
// import a [as b], c [as d]
Error* Compiler::compile_normal_import() noexcept{
do {
consume(TK_ID);
Str name = prev().str();
ctx()->emit_(OP_IMPORT_PATH, ctx()->add_const_string(name.sv()), prev().line);
if(match(TK_AS)) {
consume(TK_ID);
name = prev().str();
}
ctx()->emit_store_name(name_scope(), StrName(name), prev().line);
} while(match(TK_COMMA));
consume_end_stmt();
return NULL;
}
// from a import b [as c], d [as e]
// from a.b import c [as d]
// from . import a [as b]
// from .a import b [as c]
// from ..a import b [as c]
// from .a.b import c [as d]
// from xxx import *
Error* Compiler::compile_from_import() noexcept{
int dots = 0;
while(true) {
switch(curr().type) {
case TK_DOT: dots += 1; break;
case TK_DOTDOT: dots += 2; break;
case TK_DOTDOTDOT: dots += 3; break;
default: goto __EAT_DOTS_END;
}
advance();
}
__EAT_DOTS_END:
SStream ss;
for(int i = 0; i < dots; i++)
ss << '.';
if(dots > 0) {
// @id is optional if dots > 0
if(match(TK_ID)) {
ss << prev().sv();
while(match(TK_DOT)) {
consume(TK_ID);
ss << "." << prev().sv();
}
}
} else {
// @id is required if dots == 0
consume(TK_ID);
ss << prev().sv();
while(match(TK_DOT)) {
consume(TK_ID);
ss << "." << prev().sv();
}
}
ctx()->emit_(OP_IMPORT_PATH, ctx()->add_const_string(ss.str().sv()), prev().line);
consume(TK_IMPORT);
if(match(TK_MUL)) {
if(name_scope() != NAME_GLOBAL) return SyntaxError("from <module> import * can only be used in global scope");
// pop the module and import __all__
ctx()->emit_(OP_POP_IMPORT_STAR, BC_NOARG, prev().line);
consume_end_stmt();
return NULL;
}
do {
ctx()->emit_(OP_DUP_TOP, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
consume(TK_ID);
Str name = prev().str();
ctx()->emit_(OP_LOAD_ATTR, StrName(name).index, prev().line);
if(match(TK_AS)) {
consume(TK_ID);
name = prev().str();
}
ctx()->emit_store_name(name_scope(), StrName(name), prev().line);
} while(match(TK_COMMA));
ctx()->emit_(OP_POP_TOP, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
consume_end_stmt();
return NULL;
}
bool Compiler::is_expression(bool allow_slice) noexcept{
PrattCallback prefix = rules[curr().type].prefix;
return prefix != nullptr && (allow_slice || curr().type != TK_COLON);
}
Error* Compiler::parse_expression(int precedence, bool allow_slice) noexcept{
PrattCallback prefix = rules[curr().type].prefix;
if(prefix == nullptr || (curr().type == TK_COLON && !allow_slice)) {
return SyntaxError("expected an expression, got %s", pk_TokenSymbols[curr().type]);
}
advance();
Error* err;
check((this->*prefix)());
while(rules[curr().type].precedence >= precedence && (allow_slice || curr().type != TK_COLON)) {
TokenIndex op = curr().type;
advance();
PrattCallback infix = rules[op].infix;
assert(infix != nullptr);
check((this->*infix)());
}
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::compile_if_stmt() noexcept{
Error* err;
check(EXPR()); // condition
ctx()->s_emit_top();
int patch = ctx()->emit_(OP_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, BC_NOARG, prev().line);
err = compile_block_body();
if(err) return err;
if(match(TK_ELIF)) {
int exit_patch = ctx()->emit_(OP_JUMP_FORWARD, BC_NOARG, prev().line);
ctx()->patch_jump(patch);
check(compile_if_stmt());
ctx()->patch_jump(exit_patch);
} else if(match(TK_ELSE)) {
int exit_patch = ctx()->emit_(OP_JUMP_FORWARD, BC_NOARG, prev().line);
ctx()->patch_jump(patch);
check(compile_block_body());
ctx()->patch_jump(exit_patch);
} else {
ctx()->patch_jump(patch);
}
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::compile_while_loop() noexcept{
Error* err;
CodeBlock* block = ctx()->enter_block(CodeBlockType_WHILE_LOOP);
check(EXPR()); // condition
ctx()->s_emit_top();
int patch = ctx()->emit_(OP_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, BC_NOARG, prev().line);
check(compile_block_body());
ctx()->emit_(OP_LOOP_CONTINUE, ctx()->get_loop(), BC_KEEPLINE, true);
ctx()->patch_jump(patch);
ctx()->exit_block();
// optional else clause
if(match(TK_ELSE)) {
check(compile_block_body());
block->end2 = ctx()->co->codes.size();
}
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::compile_for_loop() noexcept{
Error* err;
check(EXPR_VARS()); // [vars]
consume(TK_IN);
check(EXPR_TUPLE()); // [vars, iter]
ctx()->s_emit_top(); // [vars]
ctx()->emit_(OP_GET_ITER_NEW, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
CodeBlock* block = ctx()->enter_block(CodeBlockType_FOR_LOOP);
int for_codei = ctx()->emit_(OP_FOR_ITER, ctx()->curr_iblock, BC_KEEPLINE);
Expr* vars = ctx()->s_popx();
bool ok = vars->emit_store(ctx());
delete_expr(vars);
if(!ok) return SyntaxError(); // this error occurs in `vars` instead of this line, but...nevermind
ctx()->try_merge_for_iter_store(for_codei);
check(compile_block_body());
ctx()->emit_(OP_LOOP_CONTINUE, ctx()->get_loop(), BC_KEEPLINE, true);
ctx()->exit_block();
// optional else clause
if(match(TK_ELSE)) {
check(compile_block_body());
block->end2 = ctx()->co->codes.size();
}
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::compile_try_except() noexcept{
Error* err;
ctx()->enter_block(CodeBlockType_TRY_EXCEPT);
ctx()->emit_(OP_TRY_ENTER, BC_NOARG, prev().line);
check(compile_block_body());
small_vector_2<int, 8> patches;
patches.push_back(ctx()->emit_(OP_JUMP_FORWARD, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE));
ctx()->exit_block();
int finally_entry = -1;
if(curr().type != TK_FINALLY) {
do {
StrName as_name;
consume(TK_EXCEPT);
if(is_expression()) {
check(EXPR()); // push assumed type on to the stack
ctx()->s_emit_top();
ctx()->emit_(OP_EXCEPTION_MATCH, BC_NOARG, prev().line);
if(match(TK_AS)) {
consume(TK_ID);
as_name = StrName(prev().sv());
}
} else {
ctx()->emit_(OP_LOAD_TRUE, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
}
int patch = ctx()->emit_(OP_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
// on match
if(!as_name.empty()) {
ctx()->emit_(OP_DUP_TOP, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
ctx()->emit_store_name(name_scope(), as_name, BC_KEEPLINE);
}
// pop the exception
ctx()->emit_(OP_POP_EXCEPTION, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
check(compile_block_body());
patches.push_back(ctx()->emit_(OP_JUMP_FORWARD, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE));
ctx()->patch_jump(patch);
} while(curr().type == TK_EXCEPT);
}
if(match(TK_FINALLY)) {
int patch = ctx()->emit_(OP_JUMP_FORWARD, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
finally_entry = ctx()->co->codes.size();
check(compile_block_body());
ctx()->emit_(OP_JUMP_ABSOLUTE_TOP, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
ctx()->patch_jump(patch);
}
// no match, re-raise
if(finally_entry != -1) {
i64 target = ctx()->co->codes.size() + 2;
ctx()->emit_(OP_LOAD_CONST, ctx()->add_const(VAR(target)), BC_KEEPLINE);
int i = ctx()->emit_(OP_JUMP_FORWARD, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
Bytecode__set_signed_arg(&ctx()->co->codes[i], finally_entry - i);
}
ctx()->emit_(OP_RE_RAISE, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
// no exception or no match, jump to the end
for(int patch: patches)
ctx()->patch_jump(patch);
if(finally_entry != -1) {
i64 target = ctx()->co->codes.size() + 2;
ctx()->emit_(OP_LOAD_CONST, ctx()->add_const(VAR(target)), BC_KEEPLINE);
int i = ctx()->emit_(OP_JUMP_FORWARD, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
Bytecode__set_signed_arg(&ctx()->co->codes[i], finally_entry - i);
}
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::compile_decorated() noexcept{
Error* err;
int count = 0;
do {
check(EXPR());
count += 1;
bool need_more_lines;
bool consumed = match_newlines(&need_more_lines);
if(need_more_lines) return NeedMoreLines();
if(!consumed) return SyntaxError("expected a newline after '@'");
} while(match(TK_DECORATOR));
if(match(TK_CLASS)) {
check(compile_class(count));
} else {
consume(TK_DEF);
check(compile_function(count));
}
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::try_compile_assignment(bool* is_assign) noexcept{
Error* err;
switch(curr().type) {
case TK_IADD:
case TK_ISUB:
case TK_IMUL:
case TK_IDIV:
case TK_IFLOORDIV:
case TK_IMOD:
case TK_ILSHIFT:
case TK_IRSHIFT:
case TK_IAND:
case TK_IOR:
case TK_IXOR: {
if(ctx()->s_top()->is_starred()) return SyntaxError();
if(ctx()->is_compiling_class){
return SyntaxError("can't use inplace operator in class definition");
}
advance();
// a[x] += 1; a and x should be evaluated only once
// a.x += 1; a should be evaluated only once
// -1 to remove =; inplace=true
int line = prev().line;
TokenIndex op = (TokenIndex)(prev().type - 1);
// [lhs]
check(EXPR_TUPLE()); // [lhs, rhs]
if(ctx()->s_top()->is_starred()) return SyntaxError();
BinaryExpr* e = make_expr<BinaryExpr>(op, true);
e->line = line;
e->rhs = ctx()->s_popx(); // [lhs]
e->lhs = ctx()->s_popx(); // []
e->emit_(ctx());
bool ok = e->lhs->emit_store_inplace(ctx());
delete_expr(e);
if(!ok) return SyntaxError();
*is_assign = true;
return NULL;
}
case TK_ASSIGN: {
int n = 0;
while(match(TK_ASSIGN)) {
check(EXPR_TUPLE());
n += 1;
}
// stack size is n+1
ctx()->s_emit_top(); // emit and pop
for(int j = 1; j < n; j++)
ctx()->emit_(OP_DUP_TOP, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
for(int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
if(ctx()->s_top()->is_starred()) return SyntaxError();
bool ok = ctx()->s_top()->emit_store(ctx());
ctx()->s_pop();
if(!ok) return SyntaxError();
}
*is_assign = true;
return NULL;
}
default: *is_assign = false;
}
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::compile_stmt() noexcept{
Error* err;
if(match(TK_CLASS)) {
check(compile_class());
return NULL;
}
advance();
int kw_line = prev().line; // backup line number
int curr_loop_block = ctx()->get_loop();
switch(prev().type) {
case TK_BREAK:
if(curr_loop_block < 0) return SyntaxError("'break' outside loop");
ctx()->emit_(OP_LOOP_BREAK, curr_loop_block, kw_line);
consume_end_stmt();
break;
case TK_CONTINUE:
if(curr_loop_block < 0) return SyntaxError("'continue' not properly in loop");
ctx()->emit_(OP_LOOP_CONTINUE, curr_loop_block, kw_line);
consume_end_stmt();
break;
case TK_YIELD:
if(contexts.size() <= 1) return SyntaxError("'yield' outside function");
check(EXPR_TUPLE());
ctx()->s_emit_top();
ctx()->emit_(OP_YIELD_VALUE, BC_NOARG, kw_line);
consume_end_stmt();
break;
case TK_YIELD_FROM:
if(contexts.size() <= 1) return SyntaxError("'yield from' outside function");
check(EXPR_TUPLE());
ctx()->s_emit_top();
ctx()->emit_(OP_GET_ITER_NEW, BC_NOARG, kw_line);
ctx()->enter_block(CodeBlockType_FOR_LOOP);
ctx()->emit_(OP_FOR_ITER_YIELD_VALUE, BC_NOARG, kw_line);
ctx()->emit_(OP_LOOP_CONTINUE, ctx()->get_loop(), kw_line);
ctx()->exit_block();
consume_end_stmt();
break;
case TK_RETURN:
if(contexts.size() <= 1) return SyntaxError("'return' outside function");
if(match_end_stmt()) {
ctx()->emit_(OP_RETURN_VALUE, 1, kw_line);
} else {
check(EXPR_TUPLE());
ctx()->s_emit_top();
consume_end_stmt();
ctx()->emit_(OP_RETURN_VALUE, BC_NOARG, kw_line);
}
break;
/*************************************************/
case TK_IF: check(compile_if_stmt()); break;
case TK_WHILE: check(compile_while_loop()); break;
case TK_FOR: check(compile_for_loop()); break;
case TK_IMPORT: check(compile_normal_import()); break;
case TK_FROM: check(compile_from_import()); break;
case TK_DEF: check(compile_function()); break;
case TK_DECORATOR: check(compile_decorated()); break;
case TK_TRY: check(compile_try_except()); break;
case TK_PASS: consume_end_stmt(); break;
/*************************************************/
case TK_ASSERT: {
check(EXPR()); // condition
ctx()->s_emit_top();
int index = ctx()->emit_(OP_POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE, BC_NOARG, kw_line);
int has_msg = 0;
if(match(TK_COMMA)) {
check(EXPR()); // message
ctx()->s_emit_top();
has_msg = 1;
}
ctx()->emit_(OP_RAISE_ASSERT, has_msg, kw_line);
ctx()->patch_jump(index);
consume_end_stmt();
break;
}
case TK_GLOBAL:
do {
consume(TK_ID);
ctx()->global_names.push_back(StrName(prev().sv()));
} while(match(TK_COMMA));
consume_end_stmt();
break;
case TK_RAISE: {
check(EXPR());
ctx()->s_emit_top();
ctx()->emit_(OP_RAISE, BC_NOARG, kw_line);
consume_end_stmt();
} break;
case TK_DEL: {
check(EXPR_TUPLE());
if(!ctx()->s_top()->emit_del(ctx())) return SyntaxError();
ctx()->s_pop();
consume_end_stmt();
} break;
case TK_WITH: {
check(EXPR()); // [ <expr> ]
ctx()->s_emit_top();
ctx()->enter_block(CodeBlockType_CONTEXT_MANAGER);
Expr* as_name = nullptr;
if(match(TK_AS)) {
consume(TK_ID);
as_name = make_expr<NameExpr>(prev().str(), name_scope());
}
ctx()->emit_(OP_WITH_ENTER, BC_NOARG, prev().line);
// [ <expr> <expr>.__enter__() ]
if(as_name) {
bool ok = as_name->emit_store(ctx());
delete_expr(as_name);
if(!ok) return SyntaxError();
} else {
ctx()->emit_(OP_POP_TOP, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
}
check(compile_block_body());
ctx()->emit_(OP_WITH_EXIT, BC_NOARG, prev().line);
ctx()->exit_block();
} break;
/*************************************************/
case TK_EQ: {
consume(TK_ID);
if(mode() != EXEC_MODE) return SyntaxError("'label' is only available in EXEC_MODE");
if(!ctx()->add_label(prev().str())) {
Str escaped(prev().str().escape());
return SyntaxError("label %s already exists", escaped.c_str());
}
consume(TK_EQ);
consume_end_stmt();
} break;
case TK_ARROW:
consume(TK_ID);
if(mode() != EXEC_MODE) return SyntaxError("'goto' is only available in EXEC_MODE");
ctx()->emit_(OP_GOTO, StrName(prev().sv()).index, prev().line);
consume_end_stmt();
break;
/*************************************************/
// handle dangling expression or assignment
default: {
advance(-1); // do revert since we have pre-called advance() at the beginning
check(EXPR_TUPLE());
bool is_typed_name = false; // e.g. x: int
// eat variable's type hint if it is a single name
if(ctx()->s_top()->is_name()) {
if(match(TK_COLON)) {
check(consume_type_hints());
is_typed_name = true;
if(ctx()->is_compiling_class) {
NameExpr* ne = static_cast<NameExpr*>(ctx()->s_top());
ctx()->emit_(OP_ADD_CLASS_ANNOTATION, ne->name.index, BC_KEEPLINE);
}
}
}
bool is_assign = false;
check(try_compile_assignment(&is_assign));
if(!is_assign) {
if(ctx()->s_size() > 0 && ctx()->s_top()->is_starred()) {
return SyntaxError();
}
if(!is_typed_name) {
ctx()->s_emit_top();
if((mode() == CELL_MODE || mode() == REPL_MODE) && name_scope() == NAME_GLOBAL) {
ctx()->emit_(OP_PRINT_EXPR, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
} else {
ctx()->emit_(OP_POP_TOP, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
}
} else {
ctx()->s_pop();
}
}
consume_end_stmt();
break;
}
}
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::consume_type_hints() noexcept{
Error* err;
check(EXPR());
ctx()->s_pop();
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::compile_class(int decorators) noexcept{
Error* err;
consume(TK_ID);
int namei = StrName(prev().sv()).index;
bool has_base = false;
if(match(TK_LPAREN)) {
if(is_expression()) {
check(EXPR());
has_base = true; // [base]
}
consume(TK_RPAREN);
}
if(!has_base) {
ctx()->emit_(OP_LOAD_NONE, BC_NOARG, prev().line);
} else {
ctx()->s_emit_top(); // []
}
ctx()->emit_(OP_BEGIN_CLASS, namei, BC_KEEPLINE);
for(auto& c: this->contexts) {
if(c.is_compiling_class) return SyntaxError("nested class is not allowed");
}
ctx()->is_compiling_class = true;
check(compile_block_body());
ctx()->is_compiling_class = false;
if(decorators > 0) {
ctx()->emit_(OP_BEGIN_CLASS_DECORATION, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
ctx()->s_emit_decorators(decorators);
ctx()->emit_(OP_END_CLASS_DECORATION, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
}
ctx()->emit_(OP_END_CLASS, namei, BC_KEEPLINE);
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::_compile_f_args(FuncDecl_ decl, bool enable_type_hints) noexcept{
int state = 0; // 0 for args, 1 for *args, 2 for k=v, 3 for **kwargs
Error* err;
do {
if(state > 3) return SyntaxError();
if(state == 3) return SyntaxError("**kwargs should be the last argument");
match_newlines();
if(match(TK_MUL)) {
if(state < 1)
state = 1;
else
return SyntaxError("*args should be placed before **kwargs");
} else if(match(TK_POW)) {
state = 3;
}
consume(TK_ID);
StrName name(prev().sv());
// check duplicate argument name
for(int j: decl->args) {
if(decl->code->varnames[j] == name) return SyntaxError("duplicate argument name");
}
c11_vector__foreach(FuncDecl::KwArg, &decl->kwargs, kv) {
if(decl->code->varnames[kv->index] == name) return SyntaxError("duplicate argument name");
}
if(decl->starred_arg != -1 && decl->code->varnames[decl->starred_arg] == name) {
return SyntaxError("duplicate argument name");
}
if(decl->starred_kwarg != -1 && decl->code->varnames[decl->starred_kwarg] == name) {
return SyntaxError("duplicate argument name");
}
// eat type hints
if(enable_type_hints && match(TK_COLON)) check(consume_type_hints());
if(state == 0 && curr().type == TK_ASSIGN) state = 2;
int index = ctx()->add_varname(name);
switch(state) {
case 0: decl->args.push_back(index); break;
case 1:
decl->starred_arg = index;
state += 1;
break;
case 2: {
consume(TK_ASSIGN);
PyVar value;
check(read_literal(&value));
if(value == nullptr) return SyntaxError("default argument must be a literal");
decl->add_kwarg(index, name, value);
} break;
case 3:
decl->starred_kwarg = index;
state += 1;
break;
}
} while(match(TK_COMMA));
return NULL;
}
Error* Compiler::compile_function(int decorators) noexcept{
Error* err;
consume(TK_ID);
Str decl_name = prev().str();
FuncDecl_ decl = push_f_context(decl_name);
consume(TK_LPAREN);
if(!match(TK_RPAREN)) {
check(_compile_f_args(decl, true));
consume(TK_RPAREN);
}
if(match(TK_ARROW)) check(consume_type_hints());
check(compile_block_body());
check(pop_context());
decl->docstring = nullptr;
if(decl->code->codes.size() >= 2 && decl->code->codes[0].op == OP_LOAD_CONST &&
decl->code->codes[1].op == OP_POP_TOP) {
PyVar c = decl->code->consts[decl->code->codes[0].arg];
if(is_type(c, vm->tp_str)) {
decl->code->codes[0].op = OP_NO_OP;
decl->code->codes[1].op = OP_NO_OP;
decl->docstring = PK_OBJ_GET(Str, c).c_str();
}
}
ctx()->emit_(OP_LOAD_FUNCTION, ctx()->add_func_decl(decl), prev().line);
ctx()->s_emit_decorators(decorators);
if(!ctx()->is_compiling_class) {
NameExpr* e = make_expr<NameExpr>(decl_name, name_scope());
e->emit_store(ctx());
delete_expr(e);
} else {
int index = StrName(decl_name).index;
ctx()->emit_(OP_STORE_CLASS_ATTR, index, prev().line);
}
return NULL;
}
PyVar Compiler::to_object(const TokenValue& value) noexcept{
PyVar obj = nullptr;
if(std::holds_alternative<i64>(value)) { obj = VAR(std::get<i64>(value)); }
if(std::holds_alternative<f64>(value)) { obj = VAR(std::get<f64>(value)); }
if(std::holds_alternative<Str>(value)) { obj = VAR(std::get<Str>(value)); }
assert(obj != nullptr);
return obj;
}
Error* Compiler::read_literal(PyVar* out) noexcept{
Error* err;
advance();
switch(prev().type) {
case TK_SUB: {
consume(TK_NUM);
PyVar val = to_object(prev().value);
*out = vm->py_negate(val);
return NULL;
}
case TK_NUM: *out = to_object(prev().value); return NULL;
case TK_STR: *out = to_object(prev().value); return NULL;
case TK_TRUE: *out = VAR(true); return NULL;
case TK_FALSE: *out = VAR(false); return NULL;
case TK_NONE: *out = vm->None; return NULL;
case TK_DOTDOTDOT: *out = vm->Ellipsis; return NULL;
case TK_LPAREN: {
List cpnts;
while(true) {
PyVar elem;
check(read_literal(&elem));
cpnts.push_back(elem);
if(curr().type == TK_RPAREN) break;
consume(TK_COMMA);
if(curr().type == TK_RPAREN) break;
}
consume(TK_RPAREN);
*out = VAR(cpnts.to_tuple());
return NULL;
}
default: *out = nullptr; return NULL;
}
}
Compiler::Compiler(VM* vm, std::string_view source, const Str& filename, CompileMode mode, bool unknown_global_scope) noexcept:
lexer(vm, source, filename, mode){
this->vm = vm;
this->unknown_global_scope = unknown_global_scope;
init_pratt_rules();
}
Error* Compiler::compile(CodeObject** out) noexcept{
assert(__i == 0); // make sure it is the first time to compile
Error* err;
check(lexer.run());
// if(lexer.src.filename()[0] != '<'){
// printf("%s\n", lexer.src.filename().c_str());
// for(int i=0; i<lexer.nexts.size(); i++){
// printf("%s: %s\n", pk_TokenSymbols[tk(i).type], tk(i).str().escape().c_str());
// }
// }
CodeObject* code = push_global_context();
assert(curr().type == TK_SOF);
advance(); // skip @sof, so prev() is always valid
match_newlines(); // skip possible leading '\n'
if(mode() == EVAL_MODE) {
check(EXPR_TUPLE());
ctx()->s_emit_top();
consume(TK_EOF);
ctx()->emit_(OP_RETURN_VALUE, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
check(pop_context());
*out = code;
return NULL;
} else if(mode() == JSON_MODE) {
check(EXPR());
Expr* e = ctx()->s_popx();
if(!e->is_json_object()) return SyntaxError("expect a JSON object, literal or array");
consume(TK_EOF);
e->emit_(ctx());
ctx()->emit_(OP_RETURN_VALUE, BC_NOARG, BC_KEEPLINE);
check(pop_context());
*out = code;
return NULL;
}
while(!match(TK_EOF)) {
check(compile_stmt());
match_newlines();
}
check(pop_context());
*out = code;
return NULL;
}
Compiler::~Compiler(){
for(CodeEmitContext& ctx: contexts){
ctx.s_clean();
}
}
Error* Compiler::SyntaxError(const char* msg, ...) noexcept{
va_list args;
va_start(args, msg);
Error* e = lexer._error(false, "SyntaxError", msg, &args);
e->lineno = err().line;
e->cursor = err().start;
va_end(args);
return e;
}
#undef consume
#undef consume_end_stmt
#undef check
#undef check_newlines_repl
} // namespace pkpy