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pocketpy/README.md
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# pocketpy: python interpreter in 1 file
<p>
<!-- Build -->
<a title="Build" href="https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy/actions/workflows" >
<img src="https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy/actions/workflows/main.yml/badge.svg" /></a>
<!-- Codecov -->
<a href="https://codecov.io/gh/pocketpy/pocketpy" >
<img src="https://codecov.io/gh/pocketpy/pocketpy/branch/main/graph/badge.svg?token=TI9KAFL0RG"/></a>
<!-- C++17 -->
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B#Standardization">
<img alt="C++17" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/C%2B%2B-17-blue.svg"></a>
<!-- C11 -->
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C11_(C_standard_revision)">
<img alt="Python" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/C-11-blue.svg"></a>
<!-- License -->
<a href="https://github.com/blueloveth/pocketpy/blob/main/LICENSE">
<img alt="GitHub" src="https://img.shields.io/github/license/blueloveth/pocketpy.svg?color=blue"></a>
<!-- Github Release -->
<a href="https://github.com/blueloveth/pocketpy/releases">
<img alt="GitHub release" src="https://img.shields.io/github/release/blueloveth/pocketpy.svg"></a>
<!-- docs -->
<a href="https://pocketpy.dev">
<img alt="Website" src="https://img.shields.io/website/https/pocketpy.dev.svg?down_color=red&down_message=offline&up_color=blue&up_message=online"></a>
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<a title="Discord" href="https://discord.gg/WWaq72GzXv" >
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</p>
pkpy is a lightweight(~15K LOC) Python interpreter for game scripting, built on C11 with C++17 wrappers.
It aims to be an alternative to lua for game scripting, with elegant syntax, powerful features and competitive performance.
pkpy is extremely easy to embed via a single header file `pocketpy.h`, without external dependencies.
Please see https://pocketpy.dev for details and try the following resources.
+ [Live Python Demo](https://pocketpy.dev/static/web/): Python REPL of the latest version
+ [Live C++ Examples](https://pocketpy.github.io/examples/): Common usage of pkpy in C++
## Supported Platforms
pkpy should work on any platform with a C++17 compiler.
These platforms are officially tested.
+ Windows 64-bit
+ Linux 64-bit / 32-bit
+ macOS 64-bit
+ Android 64-bit / 32-bit
+ iOS 64-bit
+ Emscripten 32-bit
+ Raspberry Pi OS 64-bit
## Quick Start
You have two options to integrate pkpy into your project.
#### Use the single header file
Download the `pocketpy.h` on our [GitHub Release](https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy/releases) page.
And `#include` it in your project. The header can only be included once.
#### Use CMake
Clone the whole repository as a submodule into your project,
In your CMakelists.txt, add the following lines:
```cmake
add_subdirectory(pocketpy)
target_link_libraries(<your_target> pocketpy)
if(EMSCRIPTEN)
# exceptions must be enabled for emscripten
set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} -fexceptions")
endif()
```
See [CMakeLists.txt](https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy/blob/main/CMakeLists.txt) for details.
It is safe to use `main` branch in production if CI badge is green.
### Compile Flags
To compile it with your project, these flags must be set:
+ `--std=c++17` flag must be set
+ RTTI must be enabled
+ Exception must be enabled
+ For MSVC, `/utf-8` flag must be set
For development build, use this snippet.
```bash
# prerequisites
pip install cmake
# build the repo
python cmake_build.py
# unittest
python scripts/run_tests.py
```
### Example
```cpp
#include "pocketpy.h"
using namespace pkpy;
int main(){
// Create a virtual machine
VM* vm = new VM();
// Hello world!
vm->exec("print('Hello world!')");
// Create a list
vm->exec("a = [1, 2, 3]");
// Eval the sum of the list
PyVar result = vm->eval("sum(a)");
std::cout << "Sum of the list: "<< py_cast<int>(vm, result) << std::endl; // 6
// Bindings
vm->bind(vm->_main, "add(a: int, b: int)",
[](VM* vm, ArgsView args){
int a = py_cast<int>(vm, args[0]);
int b = py_cast<int>(vm, args[1]);
return py_var(vm, a + b);
});
// Call the function
PyVar f_add = vm->_main->attr("add");
result = vm->call(f_add, py_var(vm, 3), py_var(vm, 7));
std::cout << "Sum of 2 variables: "<< py_cast<int>(vm, result) << std::endl; // 10
// Dispose the virtual machine
delete vm;
return 0;
}
```
## Features
Check this [Cheatsheet](https://reference.pocketpy.dev/python.html)
for a quick overview of the supported features.
| Name | Example | Supported |
| --------------- | ------------------------------- | --------- |
| If Else | `if..else..elif` | ✅ |
| Loop | `for/while/break/continue` | ✅ |
| Function | `def f(x,*args,y=1):` | ✅ |
| Subclass | `class A(B):` | ✅ |
| List | `[1, 2, 'a']` | ✅ |
| ListComp | `[i for i in range(5)]` | ✅ |
| Slice | `a[1:2], a[:2], a[1:]` | ✅ |
| Tuple | `(1, 2, 'a')` | ✅ |
| Dict | `{'a': 1, 'b': 2}` | ✅ |
| F-String | `f'value is {x}'` | ✅ |
| Unpacking | `a, b = 1, 2` | ✅ |
| Star Unpacking | `a, *b = [1, 2, 3]` | ✅ |
| Exception | `raise/try..catch..finally` | ✅ |
| Dynamic Code | `eval()/exec()` | ✅ |
| Reflection | `hasattr()/getattr()/setattr()` | ✅ |
| Import | `import/from..import` | ✅ |
| Context Block | `with <expr> as <id>:` | ✅ |
| Type Annotation | `def f(a:int, b:float=1)` | ✅ |
| Generator | `yield i` | ✅ |
| Decorator | `@cache` | ✅ |
## Performance
Currently, pkpy is as fast as cpython 3.9.
Performance results for cpython 3.9 are applicable to for pkpy.
See https://pocketpy.dev/performance/ for details.
And these are the results of the primes benchmark on Intel i5-12400F, WSL (Ubuntu 20.04 LTS), which *roughly* reflects the performance among c++, lua, pkpy and cpython.
| name | version | time | file |
| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| c++ | gnu++11 | `0.104s ■□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□` | [benchmarks/primes.cpp](https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy/blob/9481d653b60b81f4590a4d48f2be496f6962261e/benchmarks/primes.cpp) |
| lua | 5.3.3 | `1.576s ■■■■■■■■■□□□□□□□` | [benchmarks/primes.lua](https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy/blob/9481d653b60b81f4590a4d48f2be496f6962261e/benchmarks/primes.lua) |
| pkpy | 1.2.7 | `2.385s ■■■■■■■■■■■■■□□□` | [benchmarks/primes.py](https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy/blob/9481d653b60b81f4590a4d48f2be496f6962261e/benchmarks/primes.py) |
| cpython | 3.8.10 | `2.871s ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■` | [benchmarks/primes.py](https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy/blob/9481d653b60b81f4590a4d48f2be496f6962261e/benchmarks/primes.py) |
## Used By
| | Description |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| [TIC-80](https://github.com/nesbox/TIC-80) | TIC-80 is a fantasy computer for making, playing and sharing tiny games. |
| [MiniPythonIDE](https://github.com/CU-Production/MiniPythonIDE) | A python ide base on pocketpy |
| [py-js](https://github.com/shakfu/py-js) | Python3 externals for Max / MSP |
| [crescent](https://github.com/chukobyte/crescent) | Crescent is a cross-platform 2D fighting and beat-em-up game engine. |
Submit a pull request to add your project here.
## Contribution
All kinds of contributions are welcome.
- Submit a Pull Request
- fix a bug
- add a new feature
- Open an Issue
- any suggestions
- any questions
If you find pkpy useful, consider star this repository (●'◡'●)
## Sponsor this project
You can sponsor this project via these ways.
+ [Github Sponsors](https://github.com/sponsors/blueloveTH)
+ [Buy me a coffee](https://www.buymeacoffee.com/blueloveth)
Your sponsorship will help us develop pkpy continuously.
## Reference
+ [cpython](https://github.com/python/cpython)
The official implementation of Python programming language.
+ [byterun](https://www.aosabook.org/en/500L/a-python-interpreter-written-in-python.html)
An excellent learning material. It illustrates how Python's virtual machine works.
## Star History
[![Star History Chart](https://api.star-history.com/svg?repos=blueloveth/pocketpy&type=Date)](https://star-history.com/#blueloveth/pocketpy&Date)
## License
[MIT License](http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
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